MA I: torque, levers, kinetics, kinematics, classification of joints Flashcards
MA I
Torque formula
Force x Moment arm
MA I
this class of lever has its axis of rotation (the fulcrum) positioned between the resistance (load) and the effort (muscle pull)
First-class lever
ex. triceps, head-and-neck
MA I
In this type of lever, the resistance (load) is between the axis of rotation (fulcrum) and the effort (force)
Second-class lever
ex. calf muscles on the ankle
MA I
In this type of lever, the effort (force) is located between the fulcrum and the resistance (load)
Third-class levers
ex. shoulder abduction, elbow flexor muscles
MA I
The body’s ability to convert passive tension into useful work
Productive Antagonism
MA I
What is the difference between kinetics and kinematics?
- Kinetics describes the effect of forces on the body. Ex. the stress-strain relationship, productive antagonism, internal/external forces, types of muscle contractions, classes of levers.
- Kinematics describes the motion of a body, without regard to the forces or torques that may produce the motion. Ex. arthrokinematics (roll, slide, spin), osteokinematics (planes of motion)
MA I
two major classifications of joints based on movement potential
Synarthroses (fibrous/cartilaginous joints) and Diarthrosis (synovial joints)
MA I
Symphysis pubis, epiphysial plates and the intervertebral discs of the spine are an example of what class of joints?
Cartilaginous Joints
MA I
Sutures of the skull, distal tibiofibular joint, radioulnar joints are examples of what class of joints?
Fibrous Joints
MA I
three major classifications of joints based on the types of tissue
Synovial, Cartilaginous (1st sternocostal joint), and Fibrous (sutures of the skull)
MA I
The radiocarpal joint is an example of what type of synovial joint?
ellipsoid joint
MA I
carpometacarpal joints (digits II to V) are an example of what type of synovial joints?
Plane Joint
MA I
The metacarpophalangeal joint, tibiofemoral joint are examples of what type of synovial joints?
Condyloid Joint
MA I
The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is an example of what type of synovial joint?
Saddle Joint
MA I
True or false: fat pads, bursae, and synovial plica are elements ALWAYS associated with diarthrodial (synovial joints) joints
False, these are elements that are sometimes associated with diarthrodial (synovial) joints.
Elements ALWAYS associated with synovial joints include synovial fluid, articular cartilage, joint capsule, synovial membrane, ligaments, blood vessels and sensory nerves.