Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

hormones of the thyroid gland

A

Triiodothyronine (T3) and  Thyroxine (T4)

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2
Q

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

the thyroid gland is controlled by

A

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) from anterior pituitary gland

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3
Q

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

functions of the thyroid hormones (Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine)

A

increase cellular metabolic activity

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4
Q

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

hyperthyroidism

A

intolerance to heat, sweating, weight loss, muscle weakness, fatigue (but inability to sleep), tremor, nervousness

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5
Q

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

hypothyroidism

A

fatigue, somnolence, slowed HR, muscular and mental sluggishness, increased weight

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6
Q

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

adrenal glands are located above kidneys and are composed of the…

A

adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex

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7
Q

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

aldosterone is secreted by

A

zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex

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8
Q

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

functions of aldosterone

A

increases sodium reabsorption → water follows → increases blood pressure

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9
Q

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

cortisol is secreted by

A

zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex

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10
Q

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

the function of cortisol is

A

Stimulate gluconeogenesis

(is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates)

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11
Q

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

Cortisol is important in resisting stress and inflammation:

A
  • Stress causes immediate increase in ACTH which in turn releases cortisol
  • Blocks early stages of the inflammatory process
  • Causes rapid resolution of the inflammation
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12
Q

Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones

adrenal androgens (sex hormones) are secreted by

A

zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex

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