Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones Flashcards
Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones
hormones of the thyroid gland
Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)
Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones
the thyroid gland is controlled by
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) from anterior pituitary gland
Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones
functions of the thyroid hormones (Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine)
increase cellular metabolic activity
Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones
hyperthyroidism
intolerance to heat, sweating, weight loss, muscle weakness, fatigue (but inability to sleep), tremor, nervousness
Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones
hypothyroidism
fatigue, somnolence, slowed HR, muscular and mental sluggishness, increased weight
Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones
adrenal glands are located above kidneys and are composed of the…
adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex
Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones
aldosterone is secreted by
zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex
Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones
functions of aldosterone
increases sodium reabsorption → water follows → increases blood pressure
Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones
cortisol is secreted by
zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex
Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones
the function of cortisol is
Stimulate gluconeogenesis
(is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates)
Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones
Cortisol is important in resisting stress and inflammation:
- Stress causes immediate increase in ACTH which in turn releases cortisol
- Blocks early stages of the inflammatory process
- Causes rapid resolution of the inflammation
Physiology: thyroid and adrenal hormones
adrenal androgens (sex hormones) are secreted by
zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex