Pulmonary: obstructive and restrictive lung diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Manifestations of Respiratory Disease

A
  • Impaired Oxygenation
  • Impaired CO2 Removal
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2
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Low oxygen in the tissues

A

Hypoxia

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3
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Low PaO2 in the blood

A

Hypoxemia

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4
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Increased PaCO2

(>45mmHg)

A

Hypercapnia

alkalosis ← 35 mmHg - 45 mmHg → acidosis

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5
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Disease of respiratory tract which produces an obstruction to airflow. Result in air trapping in the lungs. Patients usually present with hyperinflation, barrel chest, and increased accessory respiratory muscle use

A

Obstructive lung disease

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6
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

An abnormal reduction in pulmonary ventilation often due to diminished lung expansion. Decreased volume of gas moving in and out

A

Restrictive lung disease

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7
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Chronic productive cough, barrel chest; may be overweight; cyanotic (blue bloater); edema due to heart failure; FEV1 <65% predicted; decreased VC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio and increased TLC and RV

A

Bronchitis

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8
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Abnormal, irreversible enlargement of airways distal to terminal bronchioles. Barrel chest, floppy lungs, flat diaphragm (pink puffer); SOB/DOE, minimal sputum; hypertrophied accessory mm; PLB at rest

A

Emphysema

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9
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by reversible obstruction to airflow

A

Asthma

  • Extrinsic – begins in childhood, triggered by allergens (allergic)
  • Intrinsic – begins as adult (usu after age 35), more severe (nonallergic)
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10
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Mucopurulent sputum; abnormal permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles; destruction of elastic & muscular bronchiole walls;

A

Bronchiectasis

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11
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

A terminal disease, however, the median age of death has increased to 35 years of age due to early detection and comprehensive management

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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12
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Autosomal recessive genetic disorder (both parents are carriers of the defective gene) located on the long arm of chromosome seven. Causes the exocrine glands to overproduce thick mucus which causes subsequent obstruction

A

Cystic Fibrosis

A terminal disease

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13
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

volumes and capacities in restrictive lung disease

A

All volumes and capacities may be decreased

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14
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Inflammatory process of alveolar wall, scarring leads to stiffness (decreased compliance)

A

Pulmonary Fibrosis

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15
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Inflammatory process of the lung that often begins with a lower respiratory tract
infection

A

Pneumonia

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16
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Sudden respiratory failure due to fluid accumulation in alveoli

A

Acute (Adult) Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

ARDS is a medical emergency and a potentially life-threatening condition.

17
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

80-90% of lung cancers are caused by _____

A

tobacco

18
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Fluid in the pleural space (transudative vs exudative)

A

Pleural Effusion

Treatment: thoracocentesis or chest tube

19
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Multisystem disease with presence of granuloma formation (collections of inflammatory cells)

A

Sarcoidosis

20
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Incomplete expansion (or collapse) of lung

A

Atelectasis

Can result from secretion retention and compression of the lung

21
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Presence of air in pleural cavity

A

Pneumothorax

22
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Increased fluid in the lung (alveoli), often due to ventricular failure (CHF)

A

Pulmonary Edema

Can be a medical emergency

23
Q

Pulmonary: obstructive & restrictive diseases

Blood clot lodges in pulmonary artery

A

Pulmonary Embolism