❤️ Cardio: EKG's Flashcards
Cardio: EKG’s
P-Wave = ______ depolarization.
Normal is ______ sec
Atrial depolarization
0.8 - 0.1 sec
2 small squares
Cardio: EKG’s
PR Interval = represents ______________________
Normal is ______ sec
Atrial kick
0.12 - 0.2 sec
less than one large square
Cardio: EKG’s
ST Segment – beginning of ventricular ___________
– Normal at ____________ line
repolarization
isometric
Cardio: EKG’s
12 lead EKG is used for _________
5 lead EKG is used for _________
12 = diagnostic 5 = monitoring
Cardio: EKG’s
Large Boxes = ____ seconds in time
0.2
Cardio: EKG’s
Small boxes = ____ seconds in time
0.04
Cardio: EKG’s
The HR “Countdown Method” on EKG
300-150-100-75-60-50-43-37-33-30
Cardio: EKG’s
Rhythms that Originate in the SA Node, Atria, or AV Node are called…
Supraventricular Rhythms
Cardio: EKG’s
Normal Sinus Rhythm is between
60 - 100 bpm
Cardio: EKG’s
key feature to distinguish a sinus arrhythmia in an EKG?
R - R interval varies
All p-waves are identical
HR between 60-100
-
Sinus Pause/Sinus Arrest. Named w/ underlying rhythm
- ex: NSR with sinus pause OR Sinus Bradycardia with a pause.
- R-R interval is regular, but occasional pauses noted
Cardio: EKG’s
Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) originate from
irritable, sometimes ischemia areas
Cardio: EKG’s
key feature to distinguish a premature atrial contraction
P wave of early beat may get buried in T wave of prior complex
P wave is often shaped abnormally
Cardio: EKG’s
“sawtooth flutter waves” and QRS complex: 2, 3, 4 or more flutter waves for each QRS
Atrial Flutter
Cardio: EKG’s
Treatment of atrial flutter
- Call RN, NP, MD, PA
- Rhythm Conversion (cardioversion) if patient doesn’t come out of this rhythm
- B blocker, digoxin, verapamil
- Not life-threatening unless it goes to other rhythms
Cardio: EKG’s
Abnormal quivering or twitching of atria due to multiple ectopic atrial foci
Atrial Fibrillation (AF)
Cardio: EKG’s
Treatment of atrial fibrillation
- Same as for a-flutter
- digoxin, verapamil, anticoagulants
- Cardioversion
- Possible PPM
Cardio: EKG’s
Occurs when AV node takes over as pacemaker
Absent P wave prior to QRS = junctional rhythm
Cardio: EKG’s
Similar to Junctional rhythm, but rate is higher
(Paroxysmal) Junctional Tachycardia
Cardio: EKG’s
PR interval is longer than 0.2 seconds, but relatively constant from beat to beat
1st-degree atrioventricular block
- Treatment: Usually not needed unless d/t meds
Cardio: EKG’s
progressive prolongation of PR interval until one impulse (QRS) is not conducted (generally benign)
Second Degree AV block, Type I (Mobitz I or Wenckebach)
Cardio: EKG’s
consecutive PR intervals are the same and normal followed by nonconduction of one or more impulses (a more serious condition). If heart rate is slow, cardiac output will decrease with the blocked impulse
Second Degree AV block, Type II (Mobitz II)
- may progress to 3rd degree AV block
- Frequently needs PPM placement
Cardio: EKG’s
All impulses are blocked at the AV node and none are transmitted to the ventricles
The atria and ventricles are paced independently; atrial rate > ventricular rate
3rd degree atrioventricular block (complete heart block)
- This is a medical emergency
- Pacemaker (usually dual chamber)
3rd degree atrioventricular block (complete heart block)
- This is a medical emergency
- Pacemaker (usually dual chamber)
Left Bundle Branch Block
Best seen in V5 & V6: See Wide bizarre looking QRS
Right Bundle Branch Block
Best seen in V1 & V2 – See “Rabbit ear” appearance of R wave
