❤️ Cardio: EKG's Flashcards

1
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

P-Wave = ______ depolarization.
Normal is ______ sec

A

Atrial depolarization
0.8 - 0.1 sec

2 small squares

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2
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

PR Interval = represents ______________________
Normal is ______ sec

A

Atrial kick
0.12 - 0.2 sec

less than one large square

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3
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

ST Segment – beginning of ventricular ___________
– Normal at ____________ line

A

repolarization

isometric

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4
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

12 lead EKG is used for _________

5 lead EKG is used for _________

A
12 = diagnostic 
5 = monitoring
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5
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

Large Boxes = ____ seconds in time

A

0.2

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6
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

Small boxes = ____ seconds in time

A

0.04

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7
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

The HR “Countdown Method” on EKG

A

300-150-100-75-60-50-43-37-33-30

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8
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

Rhythms that Originate in the SA Node, Atria, or AV Node are called…

A

Supraventricular Rhythms

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9
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

Normal Sinus Rhythm is between

A

60 - 100 bpm

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10
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

key feature to distinguish a sinus arrhythmia in an EKG?

A

R - R interval varies

All p-waves are identical
HR between 60-100

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11
Q
A
  • Sinus Pause/Sinus Arrest. Named w/ underlying rhythm
    • ex: NSR with sinus pause OR Sinus Bradycardia with a pause.
  • R-R interval is regular, but occasional pauses noted
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12
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) originate from

A

irritable, sometimes ischemia areas

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13
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

key feature to distinguish a premature atrial contraction

A

P wave of early beat may get buried in T wave of prior complex
P wave is often shaped abnormally

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14
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

“sawtooth flutter waves” and QRS complex: 2, 3, 4 or more flutter waves for each QRS

A

Atrial Flutter

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15
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

Treatment of atrial flutter

A
  • Call RN, NP, MD, PA
  • Rhythm Conversion (cardioversion) if patient doesn’t come out of this rhythm
  • B blocker, digoxin, verapamil
  • Not life-threatening unless it goes to other rhythms
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16
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

Abnormal quivering or twitching of atria due to multiple ectopic atrial foci

A

Atrial Fibrillation (AF)

17
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

Treatment of atrial fibrillation

A
  • Same as for a-flutter
  • digoxin, verapamil, anticoagulants
  • Cardioversion
  • Possible PPM
18
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

Occurs when AV node takes over as pacemaker

A

Absent P wave prior to QRS = junctional rhythm

19
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

Similar to Junctional rhythm, but rate is higher

A

(Paroxysmal) Junctional Tachycardia

20
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

PR interval is longer than 0.2 seconds, but relatively constant from beat to beat

A

1st-degree atrioventricular block

  • Treatment: Usually not needed unless d/t meds
21
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

progressive prolongation of PR interval until one impulse (QRS) is not conducted (generally benign)

A

Second Degree AV block, Type I (Mobitz I or Wenckebach)

22
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

consecutive PR intervals are the same and normal followed by nonconduction of one or more impulses (a more serious condition). If heart rate is slow, cardiac output will decrease with the blocked impulse

A

Second Degree AV block, Type II (Mobitz II)

  • may progress to 3rd degree AV block
  • Frequently needs PPM placement
23
Q

Cardio: EKG’s

All impulses are blocked at the AV node and none are transmitted to the ventricles
The atria and ventricles are paced independently; atrial rate > ventricular rate

A

3rd degree atrioventricular block (complete heart block)

  • This is a medical emergency
  • Pacemaker (usually dual chamber)
24
Q
A

3rd degree atrioventricular block (complete heart block)

  • This is a medical emergency
  • Pacemaker (usually dual chamber)
25
Q
A

Left Bundle Branch Block

Best seen in V5 & V6: See Wide bizarre looking QRS

26
Q
A

Right Bundle Branch Block

Best seen in V1 & V2 – See “Rabbit ear” appearance of R wave