Physiology: Carbohydrate Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism

What are the final products of carbohydrate digestion?

A
  • Glucose
  • Fructose (will get converted to glucose)
  • Galactose (will get converted to glucose)
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2
Q

Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism

glucose will be transported into the cellular cytoplasm via…

A

facilitated diffusion

(insulin)

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3
Q

Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism

After glucose enters the cell, it can be used for immediate energy or it can be stored as _____

A

glycogen

  • Glycogenesis: conversion
  • Glycogenolysis: break down of glycogen to glucose
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4
Q

Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism

glycogenolysis

A

break down of glycogen to glucose

Hormones epinephrine and glucagon signal the need for glycogen breakdown

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5
Q

Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

in the cytoplasm

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6
Q

Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism

the release of energy (ATP) from glucose is initiated by

A

glycolysis

produces 4 ATP, but consumes 2
NET ATP = 2 moles

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7
Q

Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism

citric acid cycle AKA

A

Kreb’s cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle

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8
Q

Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism

during the Kreb’s cycle (citric acid cycle), what is added and what is released?

A

water is added, carbon dioxide and hydrogen atoms are released

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9
Q

Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism

Net results of the Kreb’s cycle

A

4 CO2 + 16H + 2 CoA + 2 ATP

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10
Q

Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism

where does the Kreb’s cycle take place?

A

in mitochondria

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11
Q

Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism

1 molecule of glucose yields _____ hydrogen atoms

A

24

glycolysis → 4H
formation of CoA → 4H
Kreb’s → 16H

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12
Q

Physiology: carbohydrate metabolism

summary of ATP formation

A
  • Glycolysis → net gain 2 ATP (forms 4)
  • Kreb’s (citric acid) cycle → 2 ATP
  • 24H atoms released:
    • 20/24 are oxidized → produce 30 ATP (electron transport chain)
    • Remaining 4H atoms are released → 4 ATP
  • Total net ATP 38 molecules
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