Pulmonary: anatomy and physiology Flashcards
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Principal muscles of inspiration:
- DIAPHRAGM: primary muscle of inspiration.
- INTERCOSTALS: ext & int
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Innervation of the diaphragm:
Phrenic nerve C3 to C5
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Innervation of the intercostals muscles:
T1 to T12
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Innervation of the abdominal muscles:
- T6 - L1
- T4 injury? Can get a breath in, but what if they need to cough?
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Function of type I alveolar cells:
main site for gas exchange
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Function of type II alveolar cells:
Secrete surfactant
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
In which lung is the horizontal fissure?
R lung only, separates R upper and R middle lobes
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Right and left lung lobes:
- Right lung: 3 lobes, oblique and horizontal fissures.
- Left lung: 2 lobes, lingula, oblique fissures.
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Thoracentesis:
is a procedure to remove fluid from the space between the lungs and the chest wall
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
What is diffusion:
passage of O2 and CO2 across the capillary alveoli membrane
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Perfusion
transport dissolved and bound gases to/from lungs and cells in blood
(=how much of the blood perfused in the lungs is getting into our system)
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
An area of low V/Q will have…
lower oxygen saturation after passing the alveoli
(High perfusion of blood but low ventilation)
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
An area of high V/Q will have…
low blood perfusion but high ventilation =
highly oxygen saturated blood
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
What is the Hering-Breuer Reflex?
The Hering–Breuer inflation reflex, named for Josef Breuer and Ewald Hering, is a reflex triggered to prevent over-inflation of the lung. Pulmonary stretch receptors present in the smooth muscle of the airways (bronchi and bronchioles) respond to excessive stretching of the lung during large inspirations
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Tidal volume (VT):
normally inhaled and exhaled air during quiet breathing, 4-7l.
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV):
additional volume of air that can be taken beyond VT, 2+L
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV):
additional volume of air that can be let out beyond VT, 0.5-1 L
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Residual Volume (RV):
air that remains in the lungs after a forceful exhalation, 1-2 L.
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Minute Ventilation:
VE = VT x RR.
amount of air moved in and out in 1 min.
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Average lung can hold around
5 liters of air
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Inspiratory Capacity (IC):
sum of VT and IRV.
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC):
sum of ERV and RV. “Relaxation Volume.”
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Vital Capacity (VC):
IRV + TV + ERV, max amount of air that can be expelled following max inhalation.
Pulmonary: anatomy & physiology
Total Lung Capacity (TLC):
max volume to which lungs can be expanded = sum of all volumes.