Yaw Control Emergencies

Question 1

You are the NFP when the other crew member says “Control malfunction”, what is your response?

Answer 1

Both hands on the EEPs, guards open

Question 2

Lifting the collective will turn the nose to the:

Answer 2

Lift left, reduce right

Question 3

The nose of the aircraft is slowly spinning to the RIGHT as your pedals are jammed in the hover, what will happen as you lift/reduce COL?

Answer 3

Lift COL: Nose rotates left, yaw rate decreases
Reduce COL: Nose rotates right, yaw rate increases

Question 4

What is the finals analysis gate for YCEs?

Answer 4

60KTS @200ft AGL

Question 5

The tail rotor has had a complete failure, what direction will the nose turn?

Answer 5

Left

Question 6

During in flight analysis for the YCE, there are 4 different termination options, what are they and when are they chosen?

Answer 6

1. Autorotation = Continued flight not possible
2. Flat ATT RLDG: When skid ball < 10ºAoB
3. Flat ATT RLDG OR Zero/Zero OR Hover: Skid ball = 10º
4. Zero/Zero OR Hover: When skid ball > 10ºAoB

Question 7

During a YCE, as airspeed changes, how does that impact the aircrafts yaw?

Answer 7

Increasing IAS: Yaw right
Reduce IAS: Yaw left

Question 8

The severity of a YCE is determined largely by how the failure has occurred through on of 3 different ways, what are they?

Answer 8

1. Jammed Pedals —> Can be jammed with excessive or insufficiency thrust (pedals don’t move)
2. Broken control link —> Tail rotor remains spinning but at 0º pitch, some thrust is still provided (Pedals move fully)
3. Drive shaft failure —> Tail rotor stops spinning completely (Pedals move fully)

Question 9

YCEs in the hover can be divided into 3 seperate situations, what are they?

Answer 9

1. Complete loss of thrust (rapid yaw left)
2. Insufficient TRA (yaw left)
3. Excessive TRA (yaw right)

Question 10

You are HOGE when suddenly the aircraft nose snaps to the left, what are your actions?

Answer 10

Oppose —> “Control Malfunction - Pedals”

Question 11

You are HOGE when the aircrafts nose starts to wander to the RIGHT, your pedal inputs make no impact, what are your actions?

Answer 11

Oppose —> “Control Malfunction - Pedals”

Question 12

You are HOGE when the aircrafts nose starts to wander to the LEFT, your pedal inputs make no impact, what are your actions?

Answer 12

Oppose —> “Control Malfunction - Pedals”

Question 13

You are HIGE when suddenly the aircraft nose snaps to the left, what are your actions?

Answer 13

Oppose —> “Control Malfunction - Pedals”

Question 14

You are HIGE when the aircrafts nose starts to wander to the LEFT, your pedal inputs make no impact, what are your actions?

Answer 14

Oppose —> “Control Malfunction - Pedals”

Question 15

You are HIGE when the aircrafts nose starts to wander to the RIGHT, your pedal inputs make no impact, what are your actions?

Answer 15

Oppose —> “Control Malfunction - Pedals”

Question 16

Following your 60KTS YCE analysis, the skid ball is positioned between 0º and 10º AoB, explain your actions until termination:

Answer 16

“Insufficient yaw”

A - Reestablish 80KIAS @1000AGL
N - Best RWY for wind? (LHS Xwind)
C - Update R/T
A - B4 LDG Cx/PWP/SDIP

Finals analysis —> “Skids straight @ 45KTS”

Commence a normal angle flat attitude RLDG from 60KIAS@200ftAGL

Question 17

Following your 60KTS YCE analysis, the skid ball is positioned at ~10º AoB, explain your actions until termination:

Answer 17

“Insufficient yaw”

A - Reestablish 80KIAS @1000AGL
N - Best RWY for wind? (LHS Xwind)
C - Update R/T
A - B4 LDG Cx/PWP/SDIP

Finals analysis —> “Skids straight @ XXKTS”

Commence either flat attitude RLDG (ISF) OR hover term (EXC)

Question 18

Following your 60KTS YCE analysis, the skid ball is positioned between 10º and 15º AoB, explain your actions and termination options:

Answer 18

“Excessive yaw”

A - Reestablish 80KIAS @1000AGL
N - Best RWY for wind? (LHS Xwind)
C - Update R/T
A - B4 LDG Cx/PWP/SDIP

Finals analysis —> “Skids straight @ 35KTS”

Commence a normal attitude zero/zero OR hover term LDG from 60KIAS@200ftAGL

Question 19

Following your 60KTS YCE analysis, the nose is to the left, explain your actions and termination options:

Answer 19

“Nose left at 60KIAS”

A - Reestablish 80KIAS @1000AGL
N - Best RWY for wind? (LHS Xwind)
C - Update R/T
A - B4 LDG Cx/PWP/SDIP

Commence a “reduced PWR approach” from 60KIAS @1000ft AGL

Question 20

Explain the process to land a “reduced power approach” including setup, entry, and flare:

Answer 20

Setup: 60KIAS @ 1000ft AGL

Entry: Lower COL until nose right, Nr in green, 60KIAS

Flare:
- Option 1: flare @ 100ft, keeping nose right until final termination then EEPs shutoff once straight
- Option 2: Maintain 60KTS, flare until nose straight then shutoff

Question 21

Explain what is the preferred wind for the different approach types during a YCE:

Answer 21

Complete loss of TRA = Right side crosswind
All other examples = Left side crosswind

Question 22

You are flying S+L when suddenly the nose of the aircraft shoots to the left, what has likely happened and what are your actions?

Answer 22

Complete loss of TRA:

“Control malfunction … continued flight not possible entering auto”

Entry: Attitude for 100KIAS, 50PMI —> assess LP —> “landing site within range”, 15PMI—> “EEPs shutoff”

Flare: Initiate @200ftAGL, develop IOT reduce RoD and G/S

Question 23

Explain the yaw movements and what causes them for the YCE autorotation?

Answer 23

1. Loss of TRA = Nose to the left
2. Lowering collective to enter auto = Nose straight again
3. “EEPs Shutoff” = Nose to the right
4. 200ft start flare = Nr increases nose slides further to the right
5. Cushion = Lifting COL, nose comes back to straight

Question 24

When the skid ball is ~10ºAoB, how to you determine which landing profile should be selected during the finals analysis?

Answer 24

60KIAS @ 200ftAGL, the aircraft will be nose right, as you decel, the nose will start to slide left:

• If the nose can be positioned at 10º offset right at a speed above 30KIAS, then fly the insufficient approach
• If @30KIAS the nose is right of 10º offset, then fly the excessive approach with the expectation that the nose may spin left or right in the hover

Question 25

What is the go around process for a YCE?

Answer 25

Attitude - lower to accelerate
COL - Reduce if possible

Question 26

You are passing 100ft on approach with a YCE, what are your considerations?

Answer 26

Committed
Monitor EEPs

Question 27

Does the aircraft need to be wings level and into wind for the skid ball analysis at 60KIAS?

Answer 27

Wings level: No
Into wind: No (NEEDS TO BE CHECKED)

Question 28

What additional points are required as part of the YCE PWP?

Answer 28

• Go around actions on
• Additional power loss, expect to maintain current PWR
• Monitor EEPs for shutoff on the ground

Question 29

Explain how you can flyaway from an excessive and insufficient YCE in the OGE hover:

Answer 29

Excessive: Lifting COL = nose to the left, enter a turn to the right allowing the aircraft to build speed and height
Insufficient: Maintain COL, start a left turn with the aircraft IOT build speed, maintaining height

Question 30

What kind of YCE does it help to release stores from the aircraft?

Answer 30

When the chosen approach is that of the flat attitude RLDG