World War 1: V Flashcards
End of the War
- Germany surrender in September 1918
- Peace is finally established November 11, 1918 (Veteran’s Day)
- Restoring Peace
- Jan. 1918 Wilson made a speech in which he outlined 14 points to end and prevent future war
- Wilson’s Fourteen Points
1. Establishment of a world peace organization League of Nations
2. No secret treaties
3. Freedom of the seas
4. Reduction of armaments
5. Fair adjustment of colonial claims
- Wilson’s Fourteen Points
- Germany makes one last gamble to win and defeat the allies
1. This fails and they surrender on the basis of Wilson’s Fourteen Points
2. Kaiser Wilhelm II flees to Holland and several German leaders resign to avoid the blame of losing the war
3. Germans felt that the 14 Points would allow them to surrender with dignity - also they didn’t want their country torn up by an invading army
Treaty of Versailles
- Germany will have to accept responsibility and disarm along with a “War Guilt Clause” (which accept responsibility and pay back for war costs to other countries)
- A. Article 231 placed the blame for the war on Germany
- Germans very bitter about this
- B. military limited
- army – 100,000 men
- navy – 6 ships, no U-boats
- air force – none
- Rhineland was made into a demilitarized zone
- – a. no troops or military fortifications allowed
- Danzig, at the end of the Polish Corridor, was a free city under League of Nations control
- C. France got:
- wanted revenge for the Franco-Prussian War when Prussia burned them
- regained Alsace-Lorraine from Germany
- coal from the Saar Valley for 15 years
- Germany to pay reparations to all in the amount of $33 billion
- – a. paid $5 billion in two years but couldn’t pay more
- – b. France moved troops into the Ruhr Valley
- – c. US intervened to help defuse the situation and to keep Germany from becoming Communistic
- Total Cost:
- Over $350 billion
- More than 10 million soldiers dead and 20 million wounded (13 million civilian deaths)
3 major European dynasties overthrown as a result of the war
- Hohenzollerns in Germany
- Hapsburgs in Austria
- Romanovs in Russia
other effects
- new countries emerge
- rise of fascism
- empires will be weakened and/or fall
September 1918
- German generals von Hindenburg & Ludendorff told Kaiser Wilhelm II that the war could not be won
Novermber 9, 1918
- Kaiser abdicated and a German republic was proclaimed
November 11, 1918
- Germans signed an armistice = agreement to end the fighting
Paris Peace Conference (January 1919)
- Representatives from 27 nations
- no one form central Powers or Russia invited
- 5 separate peace treaties signed
- biggest one = Treaty of Versailles
________ was not invited to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 due to its own revolution
- Russia
The United States did not join the league of Nations because _____
- the United States Senate refused to join it
reparations and the acceptance of sole responsibility for World War I were part of _____ in the Treaty of Versailles
- the war guilt clause
the fall of the Ottoman Empire is largely attributed to
- World War I
during the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the largest treaty signed was __________
- the Treaty of Versailles
as part of the Fourteen Points, President Wilson wanted an adjustment of European borders base on _________
- nationality
which statement best describes the connection between the league of nations and the start of world war ii?
- the league of nations was powerless to stop Germany from breaking the treaty and mobilizing again
