Belief Systems Flashcards
belief systems
- most societies were polytheistic
- social stratification
- animism
- shamanism
Hinduism
- Aryans
- Brahma
- goal is to break cycle of life and death, to receive Moksha
- caste system
- Dharma, live moral duty
- Karma helps being born into new caste after being reborn
- no sacred texts
- always kept India together
- Vedhas, Rig-Vedha
- travels into south east Asia and other parts of the world
- reincarnation
- patriarchal society, women cannot reach Moksha
- Sati
- classical India
- helped bring classical Indian society back togehter
Buddhism
- reach Nirvanha in one lifetime, appealing to poor and lower caste
- founder Siddhartha Gautama
- four noble truths
- anyone in Buddhism can reach nirvanha
- universal religion
- appealed to poor
- offered monastic lifestyle for men and women
three major universal religions
- Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam
Ashoka
- kept Buddhism from dying out in India
- helped spread it
Confucianism
- cultural belief
- not really a religion
- came out of Waring States period in China
- started by Confucius
- relied heavily on education, virtue, order, and respect
- based on filial piety
- subject to ruler, son to father, younger brother to older brother, wife to husband, junior friend to senior friend
- Analects
- civil service system created in the Han
- blend of Confucianism and Buddhism eventually (Neo-Confucianism)
- brings order and stability, education is praised, respect for elders, civil service exams
Daoism
- Warring States period in China
- stresses harmony
- good versus evil
- axial age
- promoted scientific discovery: astronomy, botony, chemistry, fireworks
- harmony with nature, influence on Chinese culture
Lao Tzu
- preached Daoism
Judaism
- middle east
- first great monothestic faith
- influenced Christianity and Islam
- people had covenant with god, founder was Abraham
Christianity
- monotheistic
- developed out of Judaism
- found was Jesus
- Jesus lived his life, died, and was resurrected
- worlds largest religion today and universal religion
- spread after the Fall of Rome
- strong appeal to poor and woman, also rich
- not embraced by early Roman Empire
- spread through Mediterranean world
Islam
- universal religion
- Mohammad founder
- united Bedouin nomads of Arab Peninsula
- spread through conquest and missionary activity./trade
- one of fastest spreading religions today
in ___________, practiced in classical India, there was no central founder or holy figure
- Hinduism
neo-confucianism was the blending of ________
- Buddhism and Confucianism
in _______, moksha is the transcendent state and release from reincarnation
- Hinduism
one of the central tenets of _____ is that all suffering comes from desire
- Buddhism
which statement best describes the effect of Confucian ideology on China’s development?
- emphasize personal virtue across all social classes
which of the following was not one of the three major religions adopted around the world
- Hinduism
___________, a fundamental belief in Hinduism, reinforced the caste system in classical India
- reincarnation
in classical India, one of the Hindu beliefs that Buddha did not accept was ____________
- the caste system
during the Era of Warring states in China, Confucius was advocating for ___________
- obedience
__________ differs from other major religions in that it is more of a philosophy than a religion
- Confucianism
____________ was a belief system in early civilizations that created social mobility
- polytheism
____________ promote scientific discovery in Classical China
- Taoism
