Transformation of Western Europe

Question 1

middle ages

Answer 1

• children were seen as centers (thought of as innocent, open to education, open to improvement after black death, before black death there was none of this)
• wills had to be brought into submission (suffer on earth in order to gain salvation)
• dramatic changes in western civilizations
• end of middle ages was black death
• people started to really live and enjoy their life after black death
• agricultural transformation
• growth in manufacturing because of trade
• feudalism gone, closer to monarchies
• science (theology) at the center
• Renaissance, scientific revolution

Question 2

15th century

Answer 2

• Europe in new role of world trade
• Renaissance developments
• new commercial and social structure
• don’t have to worry about death anymore
• people started writing more in Italian then in Latin
• turn towards bettering yourself

Question 3

Renaissance

Answer 3

• began in Italy
• 14th and 15th century
• Venice, Florence growing because of trade
• decline of Spain and Portugal on trade
• northern countries rise to prominence
• realism
• northern rulers tried to control church more and became patrons of art
• rulers abandon religious justifications

Question 4

note

Answer 4

• changes in technology and family
• printing press
• emergence of European style family
• start marrying at later age (helps control birth)
• change in husband and wife relationship

Question 5

protestant and catholic reformations

Answer 5

• catholic church is Christian church in western Europe
• during black death people questioned church
• people abusing power within church
• Martin Luther said faith can help a person reach salvation
• papal authority and taxes form pope are resented
• Luther’s views sanctioned money making
• don’t need money to reach salvation
• catholic reformation made changes like collecting of money for indulgences
• education needed to keep people in church, Jesuits
• religious wars due to quarrels