French Revolution: Part 2

Question 1

establishing the new Republic

Answer 1

• 1st - Execute the King (guillotine) to eliminate the Ancient Regime
• 2nd - Establish a Republic with a committee

Question 2

Two Political Groups Fight for Control of France

Answer 2

• Girondists
• • their strength was from the bourgeoisie of southern France
• • a loose group of people with roughly similar ideas
• • one of the early leaders of the revolution along with Jacobins
• Jacobins
• • strength from the artisans, merchants (small), and craftsmen of Paris
• • led by Marat, Danton, and Robespierre
• • more radical than the Girondists
• • eventually, Robespierre would lead the Jacobins and become their voice and leader
• • the Reign of Terror (1793-1794)
• would begin in which many sympathetic to the king or the old government would be guillotined (40,000 that year)

Question 3

The Revolution

Answer 3

• many nobles fled France and became known as emigres
• some plotted to return to France to restore the monarchy
• Louis tried to escape, but was caught and imprisoned trying to flee to Austria
• • Imprisoned at his palace in Paris but watched very closely
• • Louis XVI was put on trial as a traitor, found guilty, and guillotined
• • 1st - Execute the King (guillotine) to eliminate the Ancient Regime

Question 4

Napoleon

Answer 4

• military leader who returns to France
• • upon his return to France he staged a coup d’etat
• • seizure of power by force
• • end of the French Revolution because he establishes peace
• set up national school system
• created the Bank of France
• required that all citizens pay taxes
• maintaned civil equality
• secular (non-religious) law code
• religious freedom
• by 1812, controlled most of Europe
• ended feudalism
• defeat in Waterloo, June 18, 1815
• exiled in South Atlantic

Question 5

Failures

Answer 5

• Continental System
• • 1. tried to blockade England
• – destroy English trade and economy
• • 2. as a result of Trafalgar could not enforce the blockade
• • 3. The Continental System led indirectly to the War of 1812
• Loss of Haiti
• • Napoleon was finally forced to give up island in 1803
• Selling of Louisiana (1803)
• • After defeat of French in Haiti, Napoleon realized he could never hold Louisiana territory
• • decided to sell it to the U.S. for $15,000,000 or less than 3 cents an acre
• • needed the money for military campaigns in Europe
• Russian Campaign
• • invaded Russia with 600,000 soldiers – returned with 100,000
• • he invaded too late and the winter hit early
• • Russians used strategic retreat (scorched earth policy)

Question 6

note

Answer 6

• France attempted to create a whole new society
• created a new government - a republic
• wrote a democratic constitution
• passed universal male suffrage - every man could vote
• new calendar with “Year 1” in 1792 - making a new start for France
• Maximilien Robespierre and his Committee of Public Safety
• Robespierre was soon arrested himself, accused of leading France into tyranny and dictatorship
• other European leaders feared the French Revolution would spread to their countries
• Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, Spain, and the Netherlands united against new French government
• men between 18 and 45 had to draft into military

Question 7

which of the following countries was NOT a threat to France after the Revolution?

Answer 7

• the newly formed United States of America

Question 8

the Reign of Terror in France ended when __________

Answer 8

• a military coup attacked and executed Robespierre and his followers

Question 9

in 1793, the newly formed French government found King Louis guilt of ______, and sentenced him to death by guillotine

Answer 9

• treason

Question 10

in 1791, King Louis and Marie Antoinette wanted to flee France for Austria in order to ________

Answer 10

• secure help to lead a counter revolution

Question 11

the purpose of the Committee of Public Safety was to _______

Answer 11

• weed out foreign and domestic “traitors” to the revolution

Question 12

Fall of Napoleon

Answer 12

• Battle of the Nations
• • Prussia, Russia, and Austria and seven other countries gang up against him in 1813
• • Forced to the island of Elba, given a pension, a personal bodyguard of 400 men, and allowed to keep his title to rule the island

Question 13

Return to France

Answer 13

• • escaped Elba in early 1815
• • returns to France
• • people and army rallied around him beginning what was known as “Hundred Days”

Question 14

Final Defeat

Answer 14

• • rest of Europe joined together to defeat Napoleon and his new army
• • at Waterloo he met his final defeat by Duke of Wellington and combined forces
• • ends “Hundred Days” and any chance of an honorable future life