Communism in China: Part 1

Question 1

communist China

Answer 1

• 1911 = end of the last (Qing) dynasty
• 1912 = China became the republic of China
• republic of China ruled form 1912 until 1949
• first president of the Republic of China = Sun Yat-sen

Question 2

1916-1928

Answer 2

• China’s central government becomes fractured

- many warlords ruling different sections of China

Question 3

1928

Answer 3

• the Nationalist Party gained control of China and reestablish unified central government
• under the leadership of Chian Kai-sehek - a military officer
• he led the Nationalist Party until 1949

Question 4

nationalist party

Answer 4

• promoted modern development
• • railroads, banking, airline services, etc.
• problem #1: Impacts of these achievements only in the cities, rural areas (where most of the population lived) were still impoverished
• problem #2: left the Nationalist party with a limited base of support
• urban elites; rural landlords; western powers

Question 5

Nationalist party constantly face opposition from the newly developed Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

Answer 5

• founded in 1921
• grew enormously over the next 28 years
• found a charismatic leader in Mao Zedong
• 1927 = Nationalist party chased the CCP out of China’s cities
• resulted in the Long March (6,000 mile trek south east to north-west china)

Question 6

CCP

Answer 6

• slowly gained the respect and support of the peasants by:
• using guerilla warfare tactics against the Nationalist party
• experimenting with land reform in areas under communist control
• efforts to empower women
• creation of a communist military force to protect against Nationalist party attacks
• gained an enormous amounts of support during Japans brutal invasion of China
• nationalist party lost control over most of China and was forced to retreat to the interior
• nationalist party seemed more concerned with eliminating the CCP than fighting Japan
• CCP, with its communist-led People’s Liberation Army, fought the Japanese vigorously
• offered security to many Chinese faced with the Japanese atrocities
• CCP membership grew form 40,000 in 1937 to 1.2 million in 1945

Question 7

CCP 2

Answer 7

• reduced rents, taxes, and interest rates for peasants
• taught literacy to adults
• mobilized women for the struggle
• encouraged peasants to fight back against their landlords

Question 8

1949

Answer 8

• 4 years after WWII, the CCP swept to victory over the Nationalist Party
• most of the Nationalist Party’s leaders fled to Taiwan
• new leader of communist China - Mao Zedong

Question 9

the end of the final Chinese dynasty took place in ____________

Answer 9

• 1911

Question 10

the Chinese Nationalist Party promoted ______

Answer 10

• modern development

Question 11

in 1927, China’s Nationalist Party _______

Answer 11

• chased the communist party out of the cities

Question 12

what was wrong with the modern development under the National Party in China

Answer 12

• people in rural areas were still in poverty

Question 13

the CCP or China Communist Party was founded in _________

Answer 13

• 1921