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TISSNET > World History > Flashcards

World History Flashcards

1
Q

Mesopotamia means ____.

A

Land between the rivers

  • lies between Tigris and Euphrates
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2
Q

Oldest civilisation of the world

A

Mesopotamia

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3
Q

4 regions that comprise Mesopotamia

A

Sumer (south), Babylonia and Akkad (middle) and Assyria (north)

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4
Q

Greatest ruler of Babylonia

A

Hammurabi

  • gave the code of laws
  • unified modern day Iraq
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5
Q

Hitties came from ____.

A

Asia Minor (now Turkey)

  • destroyed Mesopotamian civ
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6
Q

First to make use of horses for war chariots

A

Hitties

  • also first to make iron implements
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7
Q

First to make glass ware

A

Mesopotamia

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8
Q

_____ were first to evolve a proper system of writing.

A

Sumerians

  • cuneiform - deciphered by Henry Rawlinson
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9
Q

Mesopotamian system of counting is called _____

A

Sexagesimal

  • count in 60; still used to count divisions of time
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10
Q

Mesopotamians discovered _____ in geometry

A

Pythagoras theorem

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11
Q

In astronomy, Mesopotamians discovered these:

A

Lunar calendar
Calculated length of day and night
Divided the sky into constellations / zodiac

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12
Q

Old Kingdom of the Egyptian civilisation is also known as ____

A

Age of Pyramids

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13
Q

Why did Egyptians mummify bodies?

A

They believed after death, body and soul continue to live.

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14
Q

Two specimens of Egyptian architectural excellence.

A

Pyramids & Sphinx

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15
Q

_____ in Egypt is one of the seven wonders of the world.

A

Great Pyramid, Giza, Cairo

  • built by King Cheops (Khufu)
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16
Q

Egyptian script is called ____.

A

Hieroglyphs

  • found on papyrus sheets
  • Discovered by Champollion
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17
Q

Achievement of Egyptians in astronomy

A

Solar calendar

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18
Q

Achievement of Egyptians in math

A

Decimal system of numeration

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19
Q

Earliest Chinese civilisation

A

Shang Dynasty

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20
Q

Shang dynasty was overthrown by _____

A

Chou Dynasty

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21
Q

The ____ were first to calculate length of year.

A

Chinese

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22
Q

Chinese script is _____

A

Pictographic

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23
Q

____ dynasty built the Great Wall to keep invaders out.

A

Chin

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24
Q

____ were the first dynasty to create a system of selecting public officials based on education and competitive exam.

A

Han Dynasty

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25
Q

____ were scholarly officials who qualified the system of examination in the Han Dynasty.

A

Mandarins

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26
Q

Han rulers where greatly influenced by the teaching of this philosopher.

A

Confucius

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27
Q

Two major religions of ancient China

A

Taoism and Confucianism

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28
Q

____ religion was brought into China by Indians.

A

Buddhism

  • during Han rule
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29
Q

Chinese script was standardised by ____ ruler. Also influenced ____, ____ & ____ scripts.

A

Chin ruler

Vietnamese, Japanese & Korean

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30
Q

One of Ancient China’s greatest contribution to the world.

A

Invention of paper

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31
Q

_____ is also known as Herodotus of China

A

Ssuma Chien

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32
Q

____ invented the seismographs.

A

Chinese

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33
Q

____ empire started in Iran in mid 6th cent BC.

A

Achaemenid

  • Founder: Cyrus
  • Capital: Pasaragedae
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34
Q

The Achaemenid empire was greatest under ____.

A

Darius I

  • spread over Iran, Mesopotamia, Syria, Egypt, Asia minor & North western India
  • New Capital: Persepolis
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35
Q

_____ conquered the Achaemenid empire under Darius III rule

A

Alexander (the Great)

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36
Q

The Sassanid empire was founded by _____ in 3rd century AD.

A

Ardashir

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37
Q

____ voyaged from the mouth of Indus to Egypt.

A

Scylax

  • famous explorer in Iran
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38
Q

Main religion of ancient Iranians

A

Zoroastrianism

  • founded by Zarathustra / Zoroaster
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39
Q

Teaching of Zarathustra are recorded in _____.

A

Zend Avesta

  • Holy book of Parsis
  • Best known ancient literature of Iran
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40
Q

In Zoroastrianism, _____ god was good and ____ was evil.

A

Ahura Mazda, Ahirman

  • Sun and fire became visible symbol of Ahura Mazda
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41
Q

___ and ___ religions are indebted to Zoroastrianism.

A

Christianity and Judaism

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42
Q

____ revived old Persian.

A

Sassanids

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43
Q

Official language of Achaemenid empire.

A

Aramaic

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44
Q

Greek god of Sky

A

Zeus

  • created thunder
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45
Q

Greek god of Sea

A

Poseidon

  • raised storms that sank ships
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46
Q

Greek Sun god

A

Apollo

  • revealed future
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47
Q

Greek goddess of war

A

Athena

  • also patron of arts
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48
Q

Greek goddess of wine

A

Dionysus

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49
Q

Most important city states in Greece

A

Sparta & Athens

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50
Q

Most important ruler of Athens

A

Pericles

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51
Q

Greek defeated Darius I in this Battle.

A

Battle of Marathon

  • 490 BC
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52
Q

Athens lost the ____ war against Sparta

A

Peloponnesian

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53
Q

Alexander was the son of _____.

A

Philip of Macedonia

  • started conquering from age 20
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54
Q

____ is the reason for creation of trade between Europe and Asia.

A

Alexander’s conquests

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55
Q

Alexander defeated ____ on the Jhelum in 326 BC.

A

King Porus

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56
Q

_____, a roman emperor banned the Olympic Games as pagan manifestations.

A

Theodosius

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57
Q

Founder of Greek tragedy

A

Aeschylus

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58
Q

Greatest greek tragedian

A

Sophocles

  • wrote Electra, Antigone and Oedipus Rex
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59
Q

Master of greek comedy

A

Aristophanes

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60
Q

Father of History

A

Herodotus

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61
Q

Father of medicine

A

Hippocrates

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62
Q

Rome civilisation was located on ____ river.

A

Tiber

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63
Q

Founder of city of Rome

A

Romulus

  • language of ancient Romans: Latin
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64
Q

The Romans defeated the Carthaginians in _____ war.

A

Punic Wars [264 BC-146 BC]

65
Q

Who were the leaders of the conspiracy to kill Julius Ceasar?

A

Brutus & Cassius

66
Q

After Caesar’s assassination, who got power of the kingdom?

A

Mark-Anthony, Lapidus [Caesar’s friend] & Octavian [grand nephew]

67
Q

Other names given to Octavian

A

Augustus Imperator [holy victorious general]

Princeps [first citizen of the state]

68
Q

Peaceful period of Octavia’s rule is also called ____.

A

Pax Romana [Roman peace]

69
Q

Constantinople was created by Constantine who was the successor of _____.

A

Diocletian

  • Roman civilization
70
Q

Eastern part of Roman empire was also called ____.

A

Byzantine

71
Q

____ was the Roman god who sent rain for crops

A

Jupiter

72
Q

____ was the Roman god of war

A

Mars

73
Q

____ was the Roman god messenger

A

Mercury

74
Q

____ was the Roman god of the sea

A

Neptune

75
Q

____ was the Roman god who protected women

A

Juno

76
Q

____ became the language of the educated people in Europe.

A

Latin

77
Q

Roman philosophers

A

Markus Aurelius, Seneca, Cicero, Lucretius

78
Q

Roman poets

A

Horace, Virgil

79
Q

Famous Roman historians

A

Tacitus & Pliny

80
Q

Roman architecture introduced _____.

A

Arches & domes

81
Q

7 wonders of the ancient world

A 
Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Turkey
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, Turkey
Colossus of Rhodes, Greece
Lighthouse of Alexandria, Egypt
82
Q

7 wonders of the modern world

A 
The Great Wall of China
The Taj Mahal, India
Petra, Jordan
The Colosseum in Rome, Italy
Christ the Redeemer statue, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Chichen Itza, Mexico
Machu Picchu, Peru
83
Q

Famous church in the Byzantine empire

A

Church of St. Sophia in Constantinople

  • during reign of King Justinian
84
Q

What were the Crusades?

A

Military expedition under banner of cross to retrieve Holy Places of Palestine from Muslim occupation

85
Q

4 Crusades were fought to retrieve _____ from Seljuq Turks.

A

Jerusalem

86
Q

Prophet of Islam

A

Mohammad

87
Q

____ is the year of Hijira

A

622 AD

  • when Mohammad moved from Mecca to Medina
  • considered as the beginning of Muslim era
88
Q

____ contains the practices of Mohammed

A

Sunna

89
Q

____ contains the sayings of Mohammed

A

Hadees

90
Q

Principal city of Omayyad dynasty

A

Damascus

91
Q

____ finally ended the Eastern Roman empire

A

Ottoman Turks

92
Q

____ discovered the true nature of small pox

A

Al Razi

93
Q

Discovery by Ibn Sina

A

That TB is infectious

94
Q

Arab style of decorative writing

A

Calligraphy

95
Q

Rulers of Medieval China

A

Tangs –> Sungs –> Mongols –> Mings –> Manchus

96
Q

Name of the Japanese art of flower arrangement

A

Ikebana

97
Q

Religion of Japan before Buddhism

A

Shintoism

98
Q

Seven wonders of Medieval world

A 
Stonehenge of England 
Leaning Tower of Pisa
Coliseum of Rome 
Hagia Sophia
Great Wall of China
Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa, Alexandria 
Tower of Najing
99
Q

____ became the home of the Renaissance period [16th century]

A

Italy

100
Q

Writers of Renaissance period

A

Machiavelli, Petrarch, Dante & Boccaccio

101
Q

Painters of Renaissance

A

Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphel

102
Q

First printed book

A

Gutenberg Bible [1456]

103
Q

Father of modern printing

A

Johannes Gutenberg

104
Q

Inventor of block printing

A

Bi Sheng, ancient China

105
Q

Reformation started by _____ in _____ in 1517 by publicly protesting the sale of ____.

A

Martin Luther, Wittenburg [Germany], Letters of Indulgence

106
Q

_____ were also considered as passports to heaven during 16th century.

A

Letters of Indulgence

107
Q

What was the Counter-Reformation Movement?

A

Started by the Roman Catholic Church to combat actions of Protestant Movement

108
Q

First European to visit China

A

Marco Polo

109
Q

_____ discovered Cape of Good Hope

A

Bartholomew Diaz

110
Q

This Portugal navigator encourage sailors by making maps of trips to Africa coast.

A

Prince Henry

111
Q

____ discovered Calicut in India.

A

Vasco da Gama [1498]

112
Q

____ discovered America

A

Columbus

113
Q

____ discovered Brazil

A

Pedro A. Cabral

114
Q

____ discovered the North Pole

A

Robert Peary

115
Q

____ named the Pacific Ocean.

A

Magellan

  • first to sail around world; then Francis Drake sailed the world
  • discovered the Strait of Magellan
116
Q

What was the Bloodless Revolution?

A

Transfer of power of England from James II to William and Mary [James’ sister] without any bloodshed.

  • 1688
  • James fled to France
117
Q

____ was a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, in 1215.

A

Magna Carta

  • established that everyone was subject to the law, even the king
  • guarantees the rights of individuals, the right to justice and the right to a fair trial
118
Q

____ is a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge to secure the person’s release unless lawful grounds are shown for their arrest.

A

Habeas Corpus Act, 1679

  • started during reign of Charles II
119
Q

The ____ is a landmark Act in the constitutional law of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown.

A

Bill of Rights, 1689

120
Q

____ was invented during the Industrial Revolution by James Hargreaves.

A

Spinning Jenny

121
Q

Richard Arkwright invented the ______

A

Water frame, 1769

122
Q

Who invented the spinning mule?

A

Samuel Crompton

  • 1779
123
Q

Who invented the power loom?

A

Emmund Cartwright

  • 1785
124
Q

James Watt invented the _____.

A

Steam engine

  • 1769
125
Q

Time period of the American Revolution

A

1775-83

126
Q

When did the Boston Tea Party occur?

A

Dec 1773

127
Q

Author of Declaration of Independence

A

Thomas Jefferson

128
Q

England acknowledged American independence in ___.

A

Treaty of Paris, 1783

  • George Washington: first US president
129
Q

The French Revolution gave birth to this new idea.

A

Liberty, Equality & Fraternity

130
Q

_____, _____ & _____ critiqued the undemocratic nature of French society in 17th century.

A

Montesquieu, Voltaire & Rousseau

131
Q

_____ & _____ were beheaded for treason after the French Revolution.

A

King Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette

132
Q

____ kingdom was most powerful in Italy during the early 19th century

A

Sardinia

133
Q

Who organised the independence and unification of Italy?

A

Mazzini & Garibaldi

  • Young Italy movement
134
Q

____ was the leading figure who took the initiative of Italian unification.

A

Count Cavour

  • Former Italian PM
  • aka Bismarck of Italy
135
Q

_____ was the first King of united Italy.

A

Victor Emmanuel II

136
Q

After the Napoleonic wars, ____ was the most powerful state in Germany.

A

Prussia

137
Q

_____ first proposed the unification of Germany.

A

Frankfurt Assembly

138
Q

____ masterminded the unification of Germany in 1871.

A

Ottoman Van Bismarck

  • ‘blood and iron’ policy
  • united 22 states into North German Confederation
139
Q

____ war completed unification of Germany.

A

Prussia-France war, 1870

  • Louis Bonaparte [French emperor] was captured.
140
Q

Formal ceremony where William I took on title of German Emperor took place here.

A

Versailles, France

141
Q

Central powers in WW1

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey & Bulgaria

142
Q

Allied powers in WW1

A

UK, Italy, USA, Japan, Belgium, Russia, France, Serbia & Romania

143
Q

Period of WW1

A

July 1914 - Nov 1918

144
Q

Causes for WW1

A 
Militarism
Competitive Patriotism 
Anglo-German Rivalry 
Economic Imperialization 
Lack of International Organisations
145
Q

The murder of _____ was the immediate cause of WW1

A

Archduke Ferdinand & Sophie

  • killed by a Serbian in Sarajevo, Bosnia
146
Q

These 3 countries decided the terms of the peace treaty after WW1

A

America [Woodrow Wilson], Britain [Lloyd George], France [George Clemenceau]

  • 27 countries represented
147
Q

Woodrow Wilson founded this organization.

A

The League of Nations [1920]

  • first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace
148
Q

____ revolution established the ideology of Marxism.

A

Russian Revolution

149
Q

____ was overthrown during Russian Revolution.

A

Czar Nicholas II

  • marked beginning of Russian Revolution, 1917
150
Q

USSR came into being in ____.

A

1923

  • Lenin: first leader
151
Q

Father of modern China

A

Sun Yat-Sen

152
Q

____ was also called ‘Sickman of Europe’

A

Turkey

153
Q

____ was an agitation by Indian Muslims allied with Indian nationalism in the years following World War I.

A

Khilafat Movement

  • to pressure the British to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam after breakup of the Ottoman Empire
154
Q

Founder of modern Turkey

A

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk

155
Q

Period of Great Depression

A

1929-1934

156
Q

President of America during GD

A

Hoover

  • Then Franklin D. Roosevelt introduced New Deal policies to recover
157
Q

Founder of Italian Fascist Party

A

Mussolini

  • fascist dictator of Italy from 1925-1945
158
Q

Period of WW2

A

Sept 1939 - Sept 1945

TISSNET (47 decks)

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