Geography 4 Flashcards
_____ returned from her time on the International Space Station on Feb 6, 2020.
Christina Koch
- longest time spent in space, 328 days
Christina Koch shared the images of the ______ from space.
Southern Lights aka Aurora Australis
_______ was the first spacecraft to land on the far side of the moon.
Chang’e 4
- communication done through relay satellite, Queqiao
- probe Earth’s interior, solar winds & lunar geology
20 July, 2019 celebrated the ____ anniversary of the Moon Landing.
50th
Where is the Apollo 11 landing site?
Tranquility Base
- Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 & 17 landed on the moon
Closest space craft that ever orbited a body in the solar system.
OSIRIS Rex
- pictures of Bennu (asteroid)
- 13 June 2019
Closest blackhole to Earth
Sagittarius A*
- 1,600 light years away
Who first theorised the existence of black holes?
Einstein
- in 1916
- term ‘black hole’ was coined in 1967 by John Wheeler.
______ predicted that black holes could eventually evaporate.
Stephen Hawking
- in 1974
______ is the only thing that escapes the pull of a black hole.
Radiation
All matter and energy that fall into a black hole, end up in its center called ______.
Singularity
_____ created the first image of a black hole.
Katie Bouman
_____ is the matter and radiation that exists between star systems in a galaxy.
Interstellar medium
- contains gas in ionic, molecular and atomic form, along with dust and cosmic rays
____ & _____ are most common interstellar gases.
Hydrogen & Helium
What does interplanetary space comprise of?
Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF)
Cosmic Rays & Dust
Solar Winds
_____ is the invisible force pushing planet away from each other.
Dark Energy
Which are the planets with retrograde (east to west) rotation?
Venus & Uranus
Mercury - God of ____
Eloquence, commerce & skill
Venus - God of ____
Spring, joy & beauty
Mars - God of ___
War
Jupiter - God of ___
Ruler of all gods and men
Saturn - God of ____
Agriculture
Uranus - God of ____
Heavens
Neptune - God of _____
Seas
First five recognised dwarf planets
Ceres, Pluto, Eris, Makemake & Haumea
Launch of Mars Rover, Perseverance
30 July, 2020
How many days was the Mars Opportunity Rover expected to last, and how many days did it actually last?
Expected: 90 days
Completed: 5352 days [15 years]
_____ occurs when the moon is fully in the Earth’s shadow.
Blood moon
- occurs during total lunar eclipse
______ is an additional full moon that appears in a subdivision of a year. Eg: two full moons in 1 month span
Blue moon
- happens on average every 2.7 years
Super Moon
When full moon occurs during a perigee
Western Ghats spread over _____ states.
6
- Goa, Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra & Gujarat
______ designated the entire Western Ghats as an Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA)
Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP)
aka Madhav Gadgil Committee
____ recommended only 37% of the total Western Ghats area be brought under ESA.
Kasturirangan committee
- distinguished natural landscape (41%) and cultural landscape (59%)
- 90% of natural landscape to be protected
- Ecotourism and upliftment of green sustainable methods of occupation
____ was the first to make it to the South Pole
Amundsen
____ was the place where ozone hole was discovered.
Antarctica
____ is an Earth System Science Organization under the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India for implementation of the Indian Antarctic Programme.
National Centre for Antarctic & Ocean Research (ESSO-NCAOR)
India presently has ____ research stations at Antarctica.
2
- ‘Maitri’ and ‘Bharati’
Largest lake in Antarctica
Lake Vostok
Man-made fresh water lake built by Indians in Antarctica
Lake Priyadarshini
_____ was a tropical cyclone which brought severe impacts to portions of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh in late November of 2020.
Cyclone Nivar
_____ selects the names of cyclones.
World Meteorological Organization
___ was the strongest tropical cyclone to strike the Indian state of Odisha in 2019.
Cyclone Fani
____ refers to the large-scale ocean-atmosphere climate interaction due to periodic warming in sea surface temperatures across the central and east-central Equatorial Pacific.
El Nino
- means ‘little boy’ in Spanish
____ refers to the large-scale ocean-atmosphere climate interaction as the colder counterpart of El Nino.
La Nina
- meaning little girl
- occurs every 3-5 years
Active volcanoes on the land near the Pacific Ocean are collectively called the _____.
Ring of Fire
Longest river in Russia
Ob-Irtysh
Longest Indian river
Indus
- followed by Brahmaputra
Shortest river in the world
Ombla river, Croatia, Europe
Deepest cave in the world
Resseau du Foillis, France
Satellite-based advisory service _____ launched for deep sea fishermen to inform them of upcoming disasters.
GEMINI
The creator of the Zero Budget Natural Farming model in India is _____.
Subhash Palekar
- first practiced in Karnataka
The Forest Minister of Madhya Pradesh launched the first hot air balloon safari of India in the _____ in December 2020.
Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve of India in MP
India recently added the ____ as its forty-second Ramsar site, Ladakh on 24 Dec 2020.
Tso Kar Wetland Complex
- second Ramsar site from Ladakh
- Tsomoriri was included as Ramsar site in 2002.
The EU announced in December 2020 to completely ban the exports of unsorted plastic to poor countries. The new rules of the European Union will amend the _____ Regulation.
2006 Waste Shipment Regulation
- new rules allow the export of plastic waste only to countries that intends to recycle
In December, the Air Quality commission directed all the industries in the National Capital Region (NCR) to switch over to _____.
Piped Natural Gas
- deadline of switch over is January 31, 2021
- Air Quality Index (AQI) score of NCR is 373 [very poor]
_____ is the most common fog in India.
Radiation Fog
- forms when the ground cools due to outgoing radiation in the night
A new population of Blue Whales was found in the Western Indian Ocean based on _____.
Echolocations
- Whales produce these sounds for food and navigation in the water.
The ____ Volcano in Hawaii’s Big Island erupted after an Earthquake that struck the region in December 2020.
Kilauea
- last active in 2018
- second youngest volcano of the Hawaii hotspot
