General Science - Biology Flashcards
1
Q
Term ‘Biology’ was coined by:
A
Lamarck & Treviranus
2
Q
Father of Biology
A
Aristotle
- also the Father of Zoology
3
Q
Father of Botany
A
Theophrastus
4
Q
Two phases of metabolism
A
Anabolism [constructive] & catabolism [destructive]
5
Q
Basic structural and functional unit of all life
A
Cell
- Cytology: study of cells
6
Q
First living cell was discovered by:
A
Leeuwenhoek
7
Q
Term ‘cell’ was coined by:
A
Robert Hooke
8
Q
Cells that lack well-defined nucleus
A
Prokaryotes
9
Q
Cells present in unicellular and multicellular plant & animal cells.
A
Eukaryotes
10
Q
Largest known cell
A
Ostrich egg cells
11
Q
Smallest known cells
A
Cells of PPLO
12
Q
Longest animal cell
A
Human nerve cell
13
Q
Largest human cell
A
Female ovum
14
Q
Smallest human cell
A
Red blood cell
15
Q
Fluid present outside the nuclear membrane
A
Cytoplasm
16
Q
Fluid present inside the nuclear membrane
A
Nucleoplasm
17
Q
Non-living matter of the cell
A
Deutoplasm
18
Q
Another term for cell membrane
A
Plasmalemma
19
Q
___ discovered mitochondria
A
R. Altman
20
Q
Folds in the mitochondria are called ___.
A
Cristae
21
Q
Power house of the cell
A
Mitochondria
- energy stored as ATP
22
Q
Kitchen of the cell
A
Chloroplasts
- plastids are present only in plant cells
23
Q
Who discovered the endoplasmic reticulum?
A
KR Porter
- rough ER: protein synthesis
- smooth ER: steroid synthesis & detoxification
24
Q
Site of protein synthesis in the cell
A
Ribosome
- discovered by GE Palade
25
Suicidal bags of the cells
Lysosomes
- discovered by de Duve
- converts normal cells to cancer cells
26
____ pigment present in cell vacuoles gives colour to flowers.
Anthocyanin
27
Who discovered the nucleus?
Robert Brown
28
Controlling center of the cell
Chromatin
- forms chromosomes
29
Bead like structures found on chromosomes are called ___.
Genes
- made of DNA
30
Who won the Nobel Prize for their discovery of DNA?
James Watson & Francis Crick
31
Four bases of DNA
Adenine & guanin [purine bases]
| Cytosine & thymine [pyrimidine bases]
32
Ratio of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in carbohydrates
1:2:1
33
Examples of monosaccharides
Glucose, ribose, galactose, fructose
34
How much energy does 1 gm of glucose provide?
4.2 kcal / 17 kJ
35
Monosaccharide found in fruits & honey
D-fructose
36
This carbohydrate is also known as invert sugar.
Sucrose
37
Examples of oligosaccharides
Sucrose, lactose, maltose
38
Examples of polysaccharides
Cellulose, glycogen, starch
39
Deficiency of protein causes ___ diseases.
Kwashiorkor [slim legs, bulging stomach]
| Marasmus [loose muscles]
40
This biomolecule prevents heat loss from the body.
Lipids
41
Vitamins were first discovered by ____.
FG Hopkin
- term coined by C. Funk
42
Which are the fat-soluble vitamins?
Vitamin A, D, E, K
43
Which are the water soluble vitamins?
Vitamin B & C
44
Wernicke-Korsakoff is caused by a deficiency of ____.
Vitamin B
45
What is a Zoophyte?
Animal that resembles a plant
46
Normal human blood pressure is:
120/80
47
In which organ is the 'Bowman’s Capsule' found?
Kidney
48
Ripening of fruits is because of which plant hormones?
Ethylene
49
A goitre is also called as?
Bronchocele
50
Rickets is caused due to a deficiency in ____.
Vitamin D
51
Scurvy (Sailor's disease) is caused by a deficiency in ____.
Vitamin C
52
Green vegetables are known to carry this vitamin.
Vitamin K
53
Life originated on Earth ___ years ago.
3.5 billion
54
Age of Fishes is known as ____.
Devonian era
55
Age of Mammals is called _____.
Coenozoic era
56
Age of Reptiles is called ____.
Mesozoic era
57
Who proposed the 5 kingdom classification?
Whittaker
- Monera, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia
58
Amoeba, plasmodium, etc. fall under this phylum.
Protozoa
59
Sycon and sponges fall under this phylum.
Porifera
60
Examples of species in the annelida phylum.
Earthworms, leeches
61
Examples of arthropods.
Crabs, prawns, cockroaches, flies, mosquitoes
62
____ is the largest phylum.
Arthropoda
63
All animals in this group are marine.
Echinodermata
- only invertebrate animals with proper bone like structure
64
First land vertebrates.
Amphibians
65
The only snake that makes nests.
Cobra
66
Largest zoo in India
Alipur zoo
67
Egg laying mammals
Echidna & platypus
- prototherians
68
This sub-class of mammals bear immature children.
Metatherians
- eg: Kangaroos
69
Top layer of skin is called _____.
Epidermis
70
Goitre is caused by a deficiency of ____.
Iodine
71
Hardest part of the human body
Tooth enamel
72
Stomach breaks down complex food materials to simple molecules through the process of ____.
Hydrolysis
73
Starch splitting enzyme in salivary gland.
Ptyalin
- converts starch to maltose
74
Largest salivary gland in the human body.
Parotid gland
75
Intestinal juices are acidic / alkaline.
Alkaline
76
pH of saliva
6.8
77
The islets of Langerhans are in the ____.
Pancreas
78
Names of intestinal glands
Crypts of Lieberkuhn
| Brunners gland
79
Frogs breathe through their ____.
Skin
80
Chambers of the heart that receive blood from blood tissues
Auricles
81
Chambers of the heart that pump blood to the blood tissues
Ventricles
82
Sac around the heart
Pericardium
83
These blood vessel carry pure blood from the heart
Arteries
- pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood
84
Fibrinogen turns to fibrin during blood clotting due to ___.
Thrombin
85
These blood vessels have valves in them.
Veins
86
RBCs are also called ____.
Erythrocytes
87
WBCs are also called ____.
Leukocytes
88
Platelets are also called ____.
Thrombocytes
89
Instrument used to measure blood pressure.
Sphygmomanometer
90
Number of bones in the axial skeleton.
80
- skull, vertebrae & chest bones
91
Process of removing excess urea from the blood using an artificial kidney.
Haemodialysis
92
___- measures electrical activity of the brain.
EEG
93
___ muscles regulate lens curvature.
Ciliary muscles
94
Night vision involves rods / cones?
Rods
95
Area with highest concentration of cones.
Fovea centralis
96
Daltonism is commonly called ____.
Colour blindness
97
Where are the adrenal glands located in the body?
Above kidneys
98
The name of Karl Landsteiner is associated with the discovery of ____.
Human blood groups
99
Queen of spices
Cardamom
100
Lepidopterology is a branch of biology which deals with ____.
Moths & butterflies
101
Largest endocrine gland
Thyroid
- pace setter of endocrine system
102
This endocrine gland is also known as the master gland.
Pituitary gland
103
This gland is also known as the energy gland.
Adrenal gland
104
This gland is also known as the clockwork gland.
Pineal gland
105
Hepatitis is swelling or inflammation of the ____.
Liver
106
Bacteria of cholera and TB was discovered by ____.
Robert Koch
107
Total number of bones in the body
206
108
Total number of muscles in the body
639
109
Which organ has the minimum regeneration power?
Brain
110
____ can clone or amplify small amounts of DNA.
PCR [Polymerase Chain Reaction]
- discovered by Kary Mullis
111
First vitamin to be produced through a fermentation process using Acetobacter.
Vitamin C
112
Two groups of plants
Cryptogams & Phanerogams
[non-well defined flowers versus well defined flowers]
