Indian Economy 2 Flashcards
What is imperative planning?
- Central planning authority decides every aspect and targets must be reached
- Mainly practiced in socialist economies
In whose book was the idea of economic planning in India?
M. Vishveshwaraiya - Planned Economy for India [1936]
What is indicative planning?
- State sets broad targets to be achieved
- State does not micro-manage
What is perspective planning?
- Long term planning to broadly define the direction to take the economy
- Done through 5-year and annual plans
What is rolling plans?
- Plan for 1 year
- Plan for 5-6 years, while reviewing each year
- Plan for 10-12 years
What is a core plan?
- States submit their estimated revenue output and based on that the state suggest annual budget expenditure
What is the aim of the Nehru-Mahalanobis Model?
- Enlargement of opportunity for less privileged in society
- Growth with social justice
When was the Nehru-Mahalanobis Model first adopted?
Formation of the second five-year plan [1955]
What is the aim of the Gandhian Model of Growth?
- To raise the material as well as cultural level of Indian masses
- Focusses on improving economic condition of villages through scientific development of agriculture and cottage industries (spinning and weaving)
Who brought out the Gandhian Model of Growth?
Acharya S.N. Agarwala in 1944
What is the aim of the LPG Model of Development?
- Liberalisation, Privatisation & Globalisation
- Emphasised bigger role for the private sector
- FDI to supplement growth process
- Reduces role of the state; more market driven pattern of economy
Who and when was the LPG Model of Development introduced?
Manmohan Singh in 1991
Who created the PURA Model of Development?
APJ Abdul Kalam
What does PURA stand for?
Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
What is the aim of PURA?
Rural regeneration through the adoption of modern technologies and amenities in villages
Which strategy was the first five-year plan based on?
Harrod-Domar strategy
- Keynesian model
- to explain an economy’s growth rate in terms of the level of saving and capital
- there is no natural reason for an economy to have balanced growth
According to the ASER Report of 2020, what was the percentage of girls that enrolled in government schools?
73% (from 70%)
According to the ASER Report of 2020, what was the percentage of boys that enrolled in government schools?
66.4% (from 62.8%)
Which year is considered to be the Year of the Great Divide in India?
1921
What is the current population of India?
139 crore
- 1,380,004,385 people
Top 5 highest populated states in India?
Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh
Which state is least populated in India?
Sikkim
Top 5 states of literacy in India
Kerala (96.2% literacy rate), Delhi, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh & Assam
Which statutory authority provides the Aadhar?
Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI)
According to the new United Nations report, by when is the world’s population expected to increase by 2 billion, bringing it up from 7.7 to 9.7 billion people?
2050
Which government scheme was implemented to provide short term skill training?
PM Kaushal Vikas Yojana
Which body provides long term skill training?
Industrial Training Institutes
What is the National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF)?
- Competency based framework
- focusses on learning outcomes and assist people to move easily and readily between different education and training sectors
Which committee publishes the poverty estimates in India?
NITI Aayog
What is the minimum calorie intake required for urban and rural areas?
2400 calories a day for rural areas
2100 calories a day for urban areas
What is the Mixed Recall Period?
- Gives consumer expenditure data on clothing, footwear, durable goods, education and institutional medical expenses
What is the universal recall period?
Consumption data for all items are collected for a 30 days recall period
What is cyclical and frictional unemployment?
Cyclical - Result of depression in the economy
Frictional - Temporary; when new companies replace old ones and workers are transferring
What is seasonal unemployment?
- Productive activity only during certain times of the year
- Mostly existing in agro-based industries
Which scheme started in 2012 that aimed at developing leadership skills amongst minority women?
Nai Roshini Scheme
What is the AMRUT (2015) scheme?
- Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
- To establish infrastructure that could ensure adequate robust sewage networks and water supply for urban transformation; ‘smart’ cities
What scheme aims to provide financial aid of Rs. 6000 to farmers with area upto 2 hectare?
Kisan Samman Nidhi (2019)
Which is the largest feeding School programme in the world?
Mid-day meals scheme (1995)
Which scheme aims to provide at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in the financial year to rural area households?
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MNREGS) [2006]
Which scheme aims at empowering girls of 11-18 years by improving health status and vocational skills?
Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG)
aka Sabla
Which scheme is being implemented as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme through States/UTs from 2017 to provide day care facilities to children of working mothers?
National Creche Scheme
What is the Ayshman Bharat Yojana [2018]?
- Provide 5 lakh health insurance to 10 crore poor families
Which scheme assures proper irrigation to farmers for monsoon dependent crops?
PM Krishi Sanchayi Yojana
What is the TV channel dedicated to the interests of the agriculture and allied sector?
Kisan TV
In which cities was the HRIDAY scheme launched?
Mathura, Amritsar, Vellankani, Kancheepuram, Puri, Dwaraka
- National Heritage City Developmental Augmentation Yojana
Who launched the USTAD scheme?
Najma Heptullah
- Upgradation of Skills and Training in Ancestral Art/Crafts for Development
- Launched from Varanasi
Which scheme replaced the National Rural and Urban Livelihood Mission (Aajeevika)?
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya Yojana
When was the smart cities mission launched?
2015
Who launched the Ujala Yojana in 2016?
Piyush Goyal
- Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All
Which scheme replaced the National Agriculture Insurance Scheme?
PM Fasal Bhima Yojana [2016]
What is the BPL limit in India?
Rs. 15,000 annual income
What is the poverty line in India?
1,059.42 INR per month [rural]
1,286 INR per month [urban]
- minimum wage: ₹178 a day
