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History - Ancient India Flashcards

1
Q

The beginning of the second urbanisation in India is also known as ____.

A

Age of the Buddha

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2
Q

Founder of Jainism

A

Rishabhnath

  • 1st tirthankara
  • described as incarnation of Narayana in Vishnu Purana and Bhagvata Purana
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3
Q

There were ___ tirthankaras.

Last one was ____.

A

24

Mahavira [means ‘the brave’]

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4
Q

The Rig Veda mentions two tirthankaras - _____ & ____

A

Rishab Dev & Arishtanemi

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5
Q

_____ was a tirthankara who left his life as a prince and became a hermit.

A

Parsavanath

  • prince of Benaras
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6
Q

Mahavira was born at ___.

A

Kundalgram, near Vaishali in Bihar

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7
Q

Mahavira attained ____ at 42 under a sal tree in ____.

A

Kaivalya [perfect knowledge], Jimbhika Grama

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8
Q

Mahavira’s first sermon was at ____. His disciplines were also called ____.

A

Pava, Ganddharas

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9
Q

Mahavira became the head of the sect called ____.

A

Jinas

  • initially called Nirgranthas
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10
Q

Three Ratna’s in Jainism

A

Right faith [samyak vishwas]
Right knowledge [samyak gyaan]
Right conduct [samyak karma]

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11
Q

Five cardinal principles in Jainism

A 
Non-injury [ahimsa]
Non-stealing [asteya]
Non-lying [satya]
Non-possession [aparigraha] 
Celibacy [brahmacharya]
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12
Q

In Jainism, monks who observe the 5 principles are called ____.

A

Mahavratas

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13
Q

In Jainism, lay people who observe the 5 principles are called ____.

A

Anuvratas

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14
Q

In Jainism, ____ is the philosophy of ‘may be’ and our thoughts being conditioned with no absolution.

A

Syadavada

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15
Q

____ was the doctrine of maybe-ness in reality.

A

Anekantavada

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16
Q

In Jainism, perception through the working of the sense organs is called ____.

A

Mati Jnana

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17
Q

In Jainism, telepathic knowledge is called ____.

A

Manahparyaya jnana

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18
Q

Jain monks migrated from Ganga valley to the deccan during _____ reign.

A

Chandragupta Maurya

  • led by Bhadrabahu
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19
Q

Two sects of Jainism

A

Digambara - led by Bhadrabahu

Swetambara - led by Sthulabhadra

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20
Q

Buddha was born in ____.

A

Lumbini

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21
Q

Buddha died at _____ in UP.

A

Kusinagar

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22
Q

Buddha’s Great Renunciation at 29 is also called _____.

A

Mahabhinishkrama

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23
Q

Symbol for Buddha’s birth

A

Lotus and bull

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24
Q

Pratitya Samutpada is also known as ____

A

Law of dependent origination

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25
Q

Worshippers of Buddha are also known as ____.

A

Upasakas

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26
Q

_____ sect of Buddhism believe that they can attain salvation through magical powers.

A

Vijrayana

  • their chief divinity is Taras
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27
Q

_____ tripitaka contains Buddha’s sermons.

A

Sutta pitaka

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28
Q

_____ tripitaka contains the philosophy of Buddha’s teachings.

A

Abhidhamma pitaka

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29
Q

Vinayana pitaka contains ____.

A

Rules for monastic discipline for monks

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30
Q

____, emperor of Kushan dynasty, was the patron of Mahayana sect of Buddhism.

A

Kanishka

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31
Q

_____ was the Bodhisatva who holds a thunderbolt.

A

Vajrapani

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32
Q

____ Bodhisatva was considered to be future Buddha.

A

Maitreya

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33
Q

____ Bodhisatva is Buddha of Heaven.

A

Amitabha / Amitayusha

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34
Q

_____ takes credit for being the first to worship human statues.

A

Buddhism

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35
Q

_____ is a style of Buddhist visual art that developed in now NW Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan between the 1st century BCE - 7th century CE.

A

Gandhara art

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36
Q

According to ____, Mauryas were connected to Nandas and were called ‘Virshal’.

A

Mudrarakshasa [play by Vishakhadatta]

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37
Q

_____ is the treatise of the state craft and public administration under Mauryas.

A

Arthashastra of Kautilya

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38
Q

____ contain the socio-economic conditions of the Mauryan period.

A

Jataka

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39
Q

___ contains the administrative structure under Mauryas and the caste system in India.

A

Indica of Megasthenes

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40
Q

Dipavamsa and Mahavamsa contain Ashoka’s role in ____.

A

spreading of Buddhism in Sri Lanka

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41
Q

There are ___ major rock edicts of the Mauryan period.

A

14

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42
Q

Ashoka’s edicts were first deciphered by ____.

A

James Princep [1837]

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43
Q

Ashoka’s minor edict No. 3, discovered in ____

A

Sannati village

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44
Q

____ was also known as Sandrocottus by Greek scholars.

A

Chandragupta Maurya

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45
Q

Selecus sent ____ as the Greek ambassador to Chandragupta Maurya.

A

Megasthenes

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46
Q

____ was the first Indian to unite the whole of North India.

A

Chandragupta Maurya

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47
Q

Bindusara was also known as _____ by the Greeks.

A

Amrito Chates

  • aka slayer of foes
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48
Q

This Buddhist monk credited Bindusara for conquering the lands between the two seas.

A

Taranath

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49
Q

___ Buddhist text tells the story of Ashoka killing his 99 brothers.

50
Q

The misery of ____ war cause Ashoka to leave his life of physical conquests, and shifted to cultural conquests.

A

Kalinga War

51
Q

Ashoka embraced Buddhism under ____.

52
Q

Last ruler of Mauryan empire

A

Brihadratha

  • assassinated by Pushyamitra Shunga [founder of Shunga dynasty]
53
Q

____ classified Mauryan art into two categories.

A

Ananda Coomaraswamy

  • royal art & folk art
54
Q

____ was the most famous Indo-Greek ruler.

55
Q

Greek rulers were the first to issue ___.

56
Q

____, the king of Ujjain, defeated the Shakas.

A

Vikramaditya

57
Q

Most famous Shaka ruler who repaired the Sudarshan river in Kathiawar.

A

Rudradaman

  • Sudharashana lake was constructed by Pushyagupta under Chandragupta Maurya
58
Q

St. Thomas came to India during _____ reign.

A

Gondophernes [Parthian ruler]

59
Q

____ is also known as second Ashoka.

A

Kanishka

  • started the Saka era
60
Q

____ were first to issue gold coins in India.

61
Q

____ ruler controlled the famous silk route in Central Asia.

62
Q

The Nandiswara, an exmaple of Amaravati art is located in ____.

A

Amareshwara Temple

63
Q

____ is considered to be the prosecutor of Buddhism.

A

Pushyamitra Shunga

  • revival of Hindu culture, Sanskrit language and Bhagvatism
64
Q

Agnimitra was the hero of Kalidas’ _____ work of literature.

A

Malvikagnimitram

65
Q

Manusmirti was compiled in the ____ dynasty.

66
Q

____ period is also known as the ‘Golden Age of Hinduism’.

A

Gupta period

  • founded by Sri Gupta
67
Q

_____ was the first king of take on the title of ‘Maharajadhiraja’.

A

Chandragupta I

68
Q

____ was also known as the ‘Napoleon of India’.

A

Samudragupta

  • by VA Smith
69
Q

The ruler of Sri Lanka, ____, sent a missionary to Samudragupta to build a buddhist temple at Gaya.

A

Meghavarman

70
Q

The only Gupta ruler to issue copper coins.

71
Q

____ was the Chinese traveller who visited India during the time of Chandragupta II.

72
Q

____ inscriptions in Delhi, claims Chandragupta II’s authority over NW India and Bengal.

A

Mehrauli Iron Pillar

73
Q

____ founded the Nalanda University.

A

Kumaragupta

74
Q

Skandagupta got the title of ____ after repulsing the attacks of the Hunas twice.

A

Vikramaditya

75
Q

The first sign of Sati came about in the ____ dynasty.

76
Q

Bhagavad Gita was written during ___ period.

77
Q

Gupta period is also known as the _____ of Ancient India.

A

Golden Age

78
Q

The Gupta age marked the beginning of the main styles of temple architecture, mainly ____ & ____.

A

Nagara & Dravida styles with the Garbhagriha

79
Q

These two Hindu epic texts were written during the Gupta period.

A

Ramayana and Mahabharata

  • Manu Smriti was also written in this time
80
Q

____ is a love story written in the Gupta period between Charudatta and Vasantasena.

A

Mrichchakatikam [by Sudraka]

81
Q

The earliest book on sex that was written in the Gupta period.

A

Kamasutra [by Vatsyayana]

82
Q

This Indian mathematician placed the value of zero and the first number line.

A

Aryabhatta

83
Q

This Indian mathematician hinted at the law of gravitation in the Gupta period.

A

Brahmagupta [in Brahma Siddhanta]

84
Q

_____ was also known as ‘Siladitya’, made Kannuaj the capital of his kingdom.

A

Harshavardhana

  • also considered as the last great Hindu emperor of India
85
Q

Details about Harshavardhana’s reign are written in ____.

A

Harshacharita

86
Q

Harsha was defeated by ___.

A

Pulakesin II

87
Q

____ Chinese pilgrim visited India during Harsha’s period

A

Huen Tsang

  • spoke about revenue being divided in 4 parts [king, scholar, officers, religion]
88
Q

The Tripartite struggle was between these groups.

A

Palas, Gurjaras & Rashtrakutas

  • for Kannauj
  • Palas won [Dharma Pala]
89
Q

Vesara / Deccan style of architecture was created by ___.

90
Q

____ built the Sun Temple at Konark.

A

Narshima Deva I

91
Q

____ wrote the first Kannad poem.

A

Amogvarsha

  • Rashtrakuta dynasty
92
Q

The land south of ____ river was divided into Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas

93
Q

Earliest known Chola ruler

94
Q

Earliest known Chera rulers

A

Udiyangera

95
Q

Greatest Chera king

A

Senguttuvan / Red Chera

  • founded the Pattini cult
  • built Kannagi temple
96
Q

Earliest known Pandya ruler

A

Mudukudumi

97
Q

____ kingdom was mentioned by Megasthenes for their pearls.

98
Q

The Sangam age is also known as ___.

A

Golden / Augustan Age

99
Q

Father of Tamil literature

100
Q

_____ is also known as the Fifth Veda or the Bible of the Tamil Land

A

Tirrukural / Kural

101
Q

____ is also known as the Iliad of Tamil poetry

A

Silappadikaram [by Ilango Adigal]

  • love story between Kovalan and Madhavi
102
Q

Sequel of Silappadikaram

A

Manimekalai [by Seetalai Sattannar]

103
Q

This Tamil epic has elements of Jainism in it.

A

Sevaga Chintamani [by Jaina Tiruttakadeva]

104
Q

Ancient capital of the Cholas

105
Q

____ revived the Chola empire.

A

Vijayalaya

106
Q

____ took on the title of Maduraikonda and build a Siva temple at Tanjore.

A

Aditya Chola

107
Q

Three gems of Tamil poetry

A

Kamban, Kuttana & Pugalendi

108
Q

Dancing figure of Shiva, the ‘Nataraja’ was made during the ____ period.

109
Q

___ style of architecture is a feature of Chola dynasty.

A

Dravida

  • vimana dominates whole structure of the shrine
  • also has gopurams & garbhagrihas
110
Q

___ purana refers to the 10 incarnations of Vishnu.

111
Q

____ upanishad gave the first reference to lord krishna as the some of Devaki

112
Q

____ purana refer to lingam worship.

A

Matsya purana

  • oldest lingam: Gundimallam [Andhra]
113
Q

Oldest Saivite cult

A

Pasupatal [founded by Lakulisa]

114
Q

4 schools of Saivism

A

Pasupati, Saiva, Kapalika & Kalmukha

  • Kapalika & Kalmukha were a tantric cult
115
Q

Shakti Dharma, worship of female deity, is first mentioned in the ____.

A

Mahabharata

116
Q

Andrew and Peter, Jesus’ first disciples were hanged by ___.

A

Portius, Roman Governor

117
Q

Founder of Islam

A

Hazrat Muhammad Saheb

118
Q

Hazrat Muhammad attained enlightenment here.

A

Hirat Caves near Mecca

119
Q

Beginning of Islam era is also called ___ era.

120
Q

Kailash temple in Ellor was built during ___ dynasty.

A

Rashtrakuta

121
Q

Which ruler ended the designation of ‘Khalifa’.

A

Mashtafa Kamal Pasha

TISSNET (47 decks)

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