Wk6- The Special Senses

Question 1

Special senses are the most complex senses.
They enable us to perceive ourselves and environment around us (survival and vitality)
What are the 5 special Senses?

Answer 1

1. Olfaction
2. Gustafson
3. Vision
4. Equilibrium
5. Hearing

Question 2

Olfactory structure
How do olfactory receptors detect odourants?
Exhalation or Inhalation?

Answer 2

Inhalation

Question 3

Olfactory structure

Odourant is dissolved in secretion from epithelium in the nasal cavity, also known as the - gland ?

Answer 3

Bowman’s gland

Question 4

Olfactory structure

Odourants bind to - - ?

Answer 4

Olfactory receptors

Question 5

Olfactory structure

Information of stimuli is sent to the olfactory region of the brain and limbic system via the o? b?

Answer 5

Olfactory bulb

Question 6

Olfactory receptors:
C? receptors
Humans have _ _ million
Ad_p_at_ _n is the adjustment / lowering perception of smell

Answer 6

Chemoreceptors
Humans have 10 million
Adaptation

Question 7

Gustation
The tongue has both taste buds and taste - .
What other sensory receptor also contributes to taste?

Answer 7

Receptors

Olfactory receptors

Question 8

Gustation
The tongue is covered with lingual -?
There are 4 types, they are?

Answer 8

Papillae

Filiform, Fungiform, Circumvillate, Foliate

Question 9

Gustation
Food is dissolved in saliva.
Saliva enters the taste p? and the tastant binds to receptor sites of the - - .

Answer 9

Pore

Gustatory hairs

Question 10

Gustation
Gustatory receptors stimulate neurotransmitter.
The signal travels to the gustatory area in the P- lobe of the Ce-

Answer 10

Parietal lobe

Cerebrum

Question 11

Gustatory receptors

1. • • • • • receptors
2. Gustatory hairs (micro villi)

Answer 11

1. Chemoreceptors

Question 12

Gustation

The 5 primary tastes are ?

Answer 12

1. Sweet
2. Salty
3. Sour
4. Bitter
5. Umami (savoury)

Question 13

Vision
Vision is the most important sense.
Light passes through the - projected on the - via the -.

Answer 13

Cornea , retina , lens

Question 14

Vision
Light rays are converted into nerve impulses by - receptors.
Sensory information is then sent to the - lobe.

Answer 14

Photoreceptors

Occipital

Question 15

Visual receptors

Photoreceptors in the - retina are made up of - (10 million) and - (5 million)

Answer 15

Neuro retina
Rods
Cones

Question 16

Vision: photoreceptors 
?
 - sensitive to light 
- no colour detected 
- concentrate periphery of retina 

?

• detect colour
• concentrate centre of retina

Answer 16

Rods

Cones

Question 17

Equilibrium

Utilises the - , pro? and vestibular complex in the -

Answer 17

Eye, proprioceptors , ear

Question 18

Equilibrium
The vestibular complex is used for both static and dynamic movement.
The utricle and saccule in the - are used for static movement.
The anterior/posterior/lateral - are used for dynamic movement.

Answer 18

Macula

Canals

Question 19

Equilibrium
Detection of static movement 
1.Specialised hair cells - cilia 
2.otoliths 
3.inner ear -

Answer 19

1. Stereocilia

3. Macula

Question 20

Equilibrium
Detection of dynamic movement :
3 semi circular canals -, -, and lateral
- fluid in canals deflected by way of movement
When the c? fluid is stationary = balance

Answer 20

Anterior / posterior

Cupula fluid

Question 21

Equilibrium receptors
1. - receptors
2. Hair cells
These receptors detect the position of the head
Detection takes place in the - ear (macula & canals)

Answer 21

1. Mechanoreceptor

2. Inner ear

Question 22

Hearing
Like equilibrium , hearing is also detected in the - -? But also in the - ear.
The - - detects - waves.

Answer 22

Inner ear , outer

The inner ear , sound waves

Question 23

Hearing
Hearing vibrations pass through a sequence
1. The Middle ear : auditory -
And then
2. The inner/internal ear : cochlea -> receptor cells

Sound waves cause basilar membrane in the cochlea to vibrate

Answer 23

1. Auditory ossicles

Question 24

Hearing
Sound waves travel along the basilar membrane
High frequency sound waves travel a - distance
Low frequency sound waves travel a - distance
Hair cells on the basilar membrane pick up the wave length

Answer 24

Short distance

Long distance

Question 25

Hearing receptors :
- receptors
specialised - cells (stereocilia)

Answer 25

Mechanoreceptors

Hair cells

Question 26

Anatomy of the ear:

Middle ear= 3 auditory ossicles

1. Mal?
2. In?
3. Sta?

Internal ear = labyrinth / Coc? and vestibular complex
Coc? = snail like structure containing fluid , houses hearing receptor cells

Answer 26

Malleus 
Incus
Stapes 
Cochlea 
Cochlea

Question 27

Detection of movement:

H? cells respond to the static and dynamic movement of the ?
Monitor acceleration
Detect movement = s?
Forward, ?, up,?

Answer 27

Hair , head
Static
Backward
Down