Wk6- The Special Senses Flashcards

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1
Q

Special senses are the most complex senses.
They enable us to perceive ourselves and environment around us (survival and vitality)
What are the 5 special Senses?

A
  1. Olfaction
  2. Gustafson
  3. Vision
  4. Equilibrium
  5. Hearing
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2
Q

Olfactory structure
How do olfactory receptors detect odourants?
Exhalation or Inhalation?

A

Inhalation

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3
Q

Olfactory structure

Odourant is dissolved in secretion from epithelium in the nasal cavity, also known as the - gland ?

A

Bowman’s gland

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4
Q

Olfactory structure

Odourants bind to - - ?

A

Olfactory receptors

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5
Q

Olfactory structure

Information of stimuli is sent to the olfactory region of the brain and limbic system via the o? b?

A

Olfactory bulb

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6
Q

Olfactory receptors:
C? receptors
Humans have _ _ million
Ad_p_at_ _n is the adjustment / lowering perception of smell

A

Chemoreceptors
Humans have 10 million
Adaptation

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7
Q

Gustation
The tongue has both taste buds and taste - .
What other sensory receptor also contributes to taste?

A

Receptors

Olfactory receptors

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8
Q

Gustation
The tongue is covered with lingual -?
There are 4 types, they are?

A

Papillae

Filiform, Fungiform, Circumvillate, Foliate

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9
Q

Gustation
Food is dissolved in saliva.
Saliva enters the taste p? and the tastant binds to receptor sites of the - - .

A

Pore

Gustatory hairs

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10
Q

Gustation
Gustatory receptors stimulate neurotransmitter.
The signal travels to the gustatory area in the P- lobe of the Ce-

A

Parietal lobe

Cerebrum

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11
Q

Gustatory receptors

            • receptors
  1. Gustatory hairs (micro villi)
A
  1. Chemoreceptors
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12
Q

Gustation

The 5 primary tastes are ?

A
  1. Sweet
  2. Salty
  3. Sour
  4. Bitter
  5. Umami (savoury)
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13
Q

Vision
Vision is the most important sense.
Light passes through the - projected on the - via the -.

A

Cornea , retina , lens

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14
Q

Vision
Light rays are converted into nerve impulses by - receptors.
Sensory information is then sent to the - lobe.

A

Photoreceptors

Occipital

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15
Q

Visual receptors

Photoreceptors in the - retina are made up of - (10 million) and - (5 million)

A

Neuro retina
Rods
Cones

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16
Q
Vision: photoreceptors 
?
 - sensitive to light 
- no colour detected 
- concentrate periphery of retina 

?

  • detect colour
  • concentrate centre of retina
A

Rods

Cones

17
Q

Equilibrium

Utilises the - , pro? and vestibular complex in the -

A

Eye, proprioceptors , ear

18
Q

Equilibrium
The vestibular complex is used for both static and dynamic movement.
The utricle and saccule in the - are used for static movement.
The anterior/posterior/lateral - are used for dynamic movement.

A

Macula

Canals

19
Q
Equilibrium
Detection of static movement 
1.Specialised hair cells - cilia 
2.otoliths 
3.inner ear -
A
  1. Stereocilia

3. Macula

20
Q

Equilibrium
Detection of dynamic movement :
3 semi circular canals -, -, and lateral
- fluid in canals deflected by way of movement
When the c? fluid is stationary = balance

A

Anterior / posterior

Cupula fluid

21
Q

Equilibrium receptors
1. - receptors
2. Hair cells
These receptors detect the position of the head
Detection takes place in the - ear (macula & canals)

A
  1. Mechanoreceptor

2. Inner ear

22
Q

Hearing
Like equilibrium , hearing is also detected in the - -? But also in the - ear.
The - - detects - waves.

A

Inner ear , outer

The inner ear , sound waves

23
Q

Hearing
Hearing vibrations pass through a sequence
1. The Middle ear : auditory -
And then
2. The inner/internal ear : cochlea -> receptor cells

Sound waves cause basilar membrane in the cochlea to vibrate

A
  1. Auditory ossicles
24
Q

Hearing
Sound waves travel along the basilar membrane
High frequency sound waves travel a - distance
Low frequency sound waves travel a - distance
Hair cells on the basilar membrane pick up the wave length

A

Short distance

Long distance

25
Q

Hearing receptors :
- receptors
specialised - cells (stereocilia)

A

Mechanoreceptors

Hair cells

26
Q

Anatomy of the ear:

Middle ear= 3 auditory ossicles

  1. Mal?
  2. In?
  3. Sta?

Internal ear = labyrinth / Coc? and vestibular complex
Coc? = snail like structure containing fluid , houses hearing receptor cells

A
Malleus 
Incus
Stapes 
Cochlea 
Cochlea
27
Q

Detection of movement:

H? cells respond to the static and dynamic movement of the ?
Monitor acceleration
Detect movement = s?
Forward, ?, up,?

A

Hair , head
Static
Backward
Down