Wk6- The Special Senses Flashcards
Special senses are the most complex senses.
They enable us to perceive ourselves and environment around us (survival and vitality)
What are the 5 special Senses?
- Olfaction
- Gustafson
- Vision
- Equilibrium
- Hearing
Olfactory structure
How do olfactory receptors detect odourants?
Exhalation or Inhalation?
Inhalation
Olfactory structure
Odourant is dissolved in secretion from epithelium in the nasal cavity, also known as the - gland ?
Bowman’s gland
Olfactory structure
Odourants bind to - - ?
Olfactory receptors
Olfactory structure
Information of stimuli is sent to the olfactory region of the brain and limbic system via the o? b?
Olfactory bulb
Olfactory receptors:
C? receptors
Humans have _ _ million
Ad_p_at_ _n is the adjustment / lowering perception of smell
Chemoreceptors
Humans have 10 million
Adaptation
Gustation
The tongue has both taste buds and taste - .
What other sensory receptor also contributes to taste?
Receptors
Olfactory receptors
Gustation
The tongue is covered with lingual -?
There are 4 types, they are?
Papillae
Filiform, Fungiform, Circumvillate, Foliate
Gustation
Food is dissolved in saliva.
Saliva enters the taste p? and the tastant binds to receptor sites of the - - .
Pore
Gustatory hairs
Gustation
Gustatory receptors stimulate neurotransmitter.
The signal travels to the gustatory area in the P- lobe of the Ce-
Parietal lobe
Cerebrum
Gustatory receptors
- receptors
- Gustatory hairs (micro villi)
- Chemoreceptors
Gustation
The 5 primary tastes are ?
- Sweet
- Salty
- Sour
- Bitter
- Umami (savoury)
Vision
Vision is the most important sense.
Light passes through the - projected on the - via the -.
Cornea , retina , lens
Vision
Light rays are converted into nerve impulses by - receptors.
Sensory information is then sent to the - lobe.
Photoreceptors
Occipital
Visual receptors
Photoreceptors in the - retina are made up of - (10 million) and - (5 million)
Neuro retina
Rods
Cones
Vision: photoreceptors ? - sensitive to light - no colour detected - concentrate periphery of retina
?
- detect colour
- concentrate centre of retina
Rods
Cones
Equilibrium
Utilises the - , pro? and vestibular complex in the -
Eye, proprioceptors , ear
Equilibrium
The vestibular complex is used for both static and dynamic movement.
The utricle and saccule in the - are used for static movement.
The anterior/posterior/lateral - are used for dynamic movement.
Macula
Canals
Equilibrium Detection of static movement 1.Specialised hair cells - cilia 2.otoliths 3.inner ear -
- Stereocilia
3. Macula
Equilibrium
Detection of dynamic movement :
3 semi circular canals -, -, and lateral
- fluid in canals deflected by way of movement
When the c? fluid is stationary = balance
Anterior / posterior
Cupula fluid
Equilibrium receptors
1. - receptors
2. Hair cells
These receptors detect the position of the head
Detection takes place in the - ear (macula & canals)
- Mechanoreceptor
2. Inner ear
Hearing
Like equilibrium , hearing is also detected in the - -? But also in the - ear.
The - - detects - waves.
Inner ear , outer
The inner ear , sound waves
Hearing
Hearing vibrations pass through a sequence
1. The Middle ear : auditory -
And then
2. The inner/internal ear : cochlea -> receptor cells
Sound waves cause basilar membrane in the cochlea to vibrate
- Auditory ossicles
Hearing
Sound waves travel along the basilar membrane
High frequency sound waves travel a - distance
Low frequency sound waves travel a - distance
Hair cells on the basilar membrane pick up the wave length
Short distance
Long distance
Hearing receptors :
- receptors
specialised - cells (stereocilia)
Mechanoreceptors
Hair cells
Anatomy of the ear:
Middle ear= 3 auditory ossicles
- Mal?
- In?
- Sta?
Internal ear = labyrinth / Coc? and vestibular complex
Coc? = snail like structure containing fluid , houses hearing receptor cells
Malleus Incus Stapes Cochlea Cochlea
Detection of movement:
H? cells respond to the static and dynamic movement of the ?
Monitor acceleration
Detect movement = s?
Forward, ?, up,?
Hair , head
Static
Backward
Down
