Wk 4- Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 1

The gastrointestinal tract runs from the ? to the ?
The function of gastrointestinal organs~
Mechanical and ? digestion
A? of food and n?

Answer 1

Mouth to anus
Chemical
Absorption , nutrients

Question 2

Key structures of the GI tract:

M? Oral cavity
P?
O?
S? * key organ 
Small ?  * key organ 
Large ?

Answer 2

Mouth 
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach 
Small intestine 
Large intestine

Question 3

Histology of the GI tract:

What are the 4 layers?

1. M?
2. S? M?
3. M? Externa
4. S?

Answer 3

Mucosa
Sub mucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa

Question 4

Mucosa:

? most layer
Moist due to ? secretions 
Made up of ~
Surface Ep? 
Lamina ? 
? Muscle : muscularis mucosa

Answer 4

Inner 
Glandular 
Epithelium 
Propria 
Smooth

Question 5

Sub mucosa:

Dense irregular connective tissue
Vascularisation
N? supply
L? (Sub mucosal gland)!

Answer 5

Nerve

Lymphatics

Question 6

Muscularis Externa:

C? muscle
L? muscle : opposing axis= pinch and contract)
Food movement = p? (mixing wave in stomach part of a? Nervous system)

Answer 6

Circular
Longitudinal
Peristalsis
Autonomic

Question 7

Serosa:

? Layer
Thin connective tissue surrounds tract
Anchors tract to a? wall

Answer 7

Outermost

Abdominal

Question 8

Oesophagus:

Carries food and liquid from mouth to stomach.
Hollow tube
M? and s? m? tightly scrunched = allows for expand and ?
Oesophageal glands of sub mucosa secrete m?

Answer 8

Mucosa , sub mucosa
Contract
Mucus

Question 9

Stomach:

What are the 4 regions?
1. C? Close to the heart 
2. F? sits rear diaphragm 
3. B? Main part and largest size , secrets digestive e? and a? 
4. P? 3 parts 
P Antrum : continues from body 
P canal : region next to duodenum 
P sphincter : regulates c? into duodenum

Answer 9

Cardia 
Fundus 
Body ,enzymes acid 
Pylorus 
Pylorus 
Pylorus , chyme

Question 10

Stomach functions:
What are the 4 functions?

1. S? ingested food
2. M? breakdown
3. B? breakdown
4. Production of in? factor = vitamin b12 a?

Answer 10

Store
Mechanical
Biochemical
Intrinsic , absorption

Question 11

Stomach muscles :

Specific muscle types for different regions
Outer= l?
Middle = c?
Inner= o?
Muscle on a different axis allowed for contraction and digestion

Answer 11

Longitudinal
Circular
Oblique

Question 12

Stomach: alkaline mucous protects stomach lining

2 secretory cells

1. Parietal = ? Ph secretes hydrochloric acid and in? F?
2. Chief= secretes pep? the precursor to pep? (Pep? is activated by an increase in ph acid)

Answer 12

Decrease , intrinsic factor

Pepsinogen , pepsin , pepsin

Question 13

Small intestine: 
Main organ of nutrient a? = -0% 
3 segments of intestine are~
1. D?
2. J?
3. I? 
Small intestine receives ? first , ^ acidic environment

Answer 13

Absorption , 90%
Duodenum 
Jejunum
Ileum 
Chyme

Question 14

Small intestine:

Area of most nutrient absorption = need for large s? a?
Modes of increasing SA~
Plicae= internal lining
Intestinal vili= cover mucosa in m? v? Increases the sa by -00 times.
= absorption process more efficient
? Acids and proteins absorb into blood transport to liver and lymph.
Lacteals = allows for larger l? molecules in and absorption

Answer 14

Surface area
Micro vili , surface area, 600
Amino
Lipid

Question 15

Small intestine:

Duodenum= receives ? first , digestive enzymes and secretions 
Jejunum= most ? digestion and n? ? here 
Ileum= last part of small intestine. Illocecal valve (sphincter muscle) flows into l? in?

Answer 15

Chyme
Chemical , nutrients absorption
Large intestine

Question 16

Large intestine:

Runs from the ileum to anus.
3 main parts ~
1. C? Starts process of compaction
2. C? Allows expansion, travels up across down motion.
3. R? Undirected material left , connects to anus

Answer 16

Cecum
Colon
Rectum