Wk 8- Blood

Question 1

Blood:

Is part of the - system. 
Is fluid - tissue 
Is a major transport system of nutrients / gas/ h?
Has temperature of -8 degrees 
Ph level between -.3- and -.-5

Answer 1

Cardiovascular 
Connective 
Hormones
38
7.35-7.45

Question 2

The primary functions of blood:

1. Transportation (gas/n? h?)
2. Regulation (homeostasis : body - and –)
3. Protection (barrier to p? / immunity)

Answer 2

1. Hormones
2. Temp, ph
3. Pathogens

Question 3

Blood composition:

1. Plasma –% liquid
2. Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
   white blood cells (leukocytes)
   platelets –% cellular

Answer 3

1. 55%

2. 45%

Question 4

Plasma proteins:

Maintenance of o? pressure (water balance) in blood and tissues.
Transport of L? ions and vitamins.
Enzymes
Anti- 
Clotting agents

Answer 4

Osmotic
Lipids
Antibodies

Question 5

Red blood cells :

Transport of o? and -o2

Answer 5

Oxygen and CO2

Question 6

White blood cells:

Im? defence 
What are the 5 leukocytes (white blood cells)? 
1. N- ( phagocytic) 
2. E- ( parasitic) 
3. B- ( histamine) 
4. M- ( macrophages) 
5. L- ( T and B cells)

Answer 6

Immune

1. Neutrophils
2. Eosinophils
3. Basophils
4. Monocytes
5. Lymphocytes

Question 7

Structure of red blood cells:

B? shape ( greater surface area) 
No ?
Flexible 
Contain H-    ( red colour) 
Anaerobic respiration 
- protein structure 
1 RBC carries ? billion o2 molecules 
Haemoglobin = iron + ? proteins

Answer 7

Biconcave 
Nucleus 
Haemoglobin 
Quaternary 
1 
4 proteins

Question 8

Leukocytes:

Im? protection 
Removes waste , t? damaged and infected cells.
Ph?
5 types can be divided into 2 groups 
Granular : - ,- , - 
Agranular: -, -

Answer 8

Immune 
Toxins 
Phagocytosis 
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils 
Monocytes, lymphocytes

Question 9

Neutrophils:

-0 to -0% of all leukocytes 
Most - (chemotaxis) 
Phagocytosis : e? and d? pathogens 
Produce degrading e? and oxidants 
G-

Answer 9

60-70% 
Mobile 
Engulf and digest 
Enzymes 
Granular

Question 10

Eosinophils:

- to 4 % leukocytes 
Attacks pathogens with antibody c?
Releases t? compounds 
Effective against large p?
G-

Answer 10

2
Antibody coat 
Toxic 
Parasites 
Granular

Question 11

Basophils:

-.- to 1% leukocytes 
Releases h? and he?
Produces localised - 
Migrates to site of injury= ? 
G-

Answer 11

0.5 
Histamine , heparin 
Inflammation 
Chemotaxis 
Granular

Question 12

Lymphocytes:

-0 to 2-% leukocytes 
Migrates blood through - system 
A- immunity 
- cells, - cells and - K cells 
A-

Answer 12

20-25%
Lymphatic 
Adaptive 
T cells, B cells, NK (natural killer)
A granular

Question 13

Monocytes:

3 to -% leukocytes 
Transfers between blood and t? 
Changes into m-
Phagocytic action like N-
A-

Answer 13

3-8% 
Tissues 
Macrophages 
Neutrophils 
A granular

Question 14

Blood typing:

Based on red blood cells surface a-

2 major groups
ABO ( - - - –)
Rhesus (Rh - and Rh -)

Answer 14

Antigens
A B O AB
Positive, negative

Question 15

Antibodies and blood typing:

Blood plasma contains antibodies
Anti A reacts to - antigen
Anti B reacts to - antigen
Anti Rh reacts to – antigen

Antibodies reaction to antigens = A-

Answer 15

A
B
Rh
Agglutination

Question 16

Haemoglobin structure and function:

Composed of heme(pigment from iron) and globin (4 protein chains)
Protein chains make a qu? protein structure 2 alpha chains and 2 b? chains
4 oxygen molecules bind to 1 haemoglobin molecule= 1 RBC carries 1 billion oxygen molecules.

Answer 16

Quaternary

Beta