Wk 11 - Introduction to Genetics

Question 1

History and Background of genetics:

Gregor Mendel the father of genetics
1822- 18??
Studied genetic ? of ?
Crossbred plants to create a ? With different traits

DNA structure of double ? discovered 195? by Watson and Crick . They used an X-ray crystallography method developed by Rosalind Franklin

Answer 1

1844
Inheritance , peas
Hybrid

Helix
1953

Question 2

Basic principles of genetics

Genetics is the study of :
G?
In? and h?
Variability in o?

Genes are ? regions of DNA molecules
Contain the code for p? Chains and p? formation

Answer 2

Genes
Inheritance and heredity
Organisms

Functional
Polypeptide chains, proteins

Question 3

Basics genetics:

The order and number of amino acids dictate the final p? form and f?
P? carry out almost all cellular f?
Mutations = genetic v? Can lead to changes in p? function

Answer 3

Protein form, function
Proteins , function
Variability
Protein

Question 4

Structure and location of genes

Genes are found in n? acids in DNA
–,000 genes are spread over – pairs of chromosomes inherited at conception.
– pairs of autosomes (?)
1 pair sex chromosomes

Answer 4

Nucleic acids
21,000 , 23 pairs
22 pairs , body

Question 5

Genes and nitrogenous bases

Genes differ by the n? and s? of nucleotides
A?
T?
G?
C?
Human genome approximately -.2 billion base pairs ( paired nucleotides)

Answer 5

Adenine 
Thymine 
Guanine 
Cytosine 
3.2 billion

Question 6

Gene expression

Differentiation of cells = specific form and f?
Specific genes are e? Others are not u?
Genes influence cell f?
Small changes in genotype leads to increase/decrease proteins = change in ph?

Answer 6

Function
Expressed , used
Function
Phenotype

Question 7

Terminology

Genotype = ? Collection of genes on ch?
Phenotype= ? Characteristics of gene e?
Genome (human) = collection all genes in specific o? species

Answer 7

Individuals , chromosome
Physical , expression
Organism

Question 8

Allele
= alternative forms of gene located on homologous paired chromosomes : 1 paternal, 1 maternal.

Homozygous = both alleles are the ?
Heterozygous= ? Alleles (dominant / recessive )

Answer 8

Same

Different

Question 9

The central dogma of genetics:

Genetic information in cells from DNA > mRNA> protein.
Genes specify the s? of mRNA molecules which in turn specify the sequence of p?

Answer 9

Sequence

Proteins

Question 10

Gene inheritance : Alleles

Physical traits are i?
Dependant alleles are received at c?
Each parent has ? possible alleles, d? and r?

Answer 10

Inherited
Conception
2, dominant and recessive

Question 11

Inheritance of alleles : paternal and maternal

AA, Aa,
Aa, aa

There is a –% chance of inheritance

Answer 11

1 quarter , 25%

Question 12

Human Genome project and personal genome sequencing

Started 199-
Completed in 200- , -2% complete

Detect for:
disease s?
C? Fibrosis 
D? Syndrome 
Expression of p? traits 
Pre n? counselling 
Pharmacogenomics

Answer 12

1990
2003, 92%
Susceptibility 
Cystic fibrosis 
Down syndrome 
Physical 
Natal