Wk5-Neural Tissue

Question 1

Functional classification of neurons:
What are the 3 classes of neurons? 
1. S (Afferent)
2. M (efferent)
3. In?

Answer 1

1. Sensory
2. Motor
3. Interneuron

Question 2

Sensory (Afferent) neurons :
Attach to sensory receptors
Transmit signal to _ _ _ , information _ _

Answer 2

Transmit signal to CNS , information in

Question 3

Motor (efferent) neurons:
Transmit impulses _ _ _ _ from CNS to effector organs, muscles and glands.
Information _ _ _

Answer 3

Away from CNS.

Information out

Question 4

Interneurons:
Situated in between s- and m- neurons.
Interneurons act as messengers for impulse signals, distribute signal through _ _ _.

Answer 4

Sensory motor neurons

Distribute signal through CNS

Question 5

Neuroglia:
Glia meaning _ _ _ _
Neuroglia are non - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cells in nervous system
Neuroglia provide s- , nutritional needs, m?

Answer 5

Glue
Neuroglia are non- neuronal cells
Provide support, myelin

Question 6

Neuroglia:
How many types are there ?
How many in CNS ?
How many in PNS?

Answer 6

6 types
4 in CNS
2 in PNS

Question 7

CNS Neuroglia: Astrocytes

L- and most n- Neuroglia
Physically s- and a- neurons structure
Wrap around capillaries and form the B B B

Answer 7

Largest and most numerous
Physically support and anchor
Form the Blood Brain Barrier

Question 8

CNS Neuroglia: Oligodendrocytes
Contact exposed surfaces of neurons
Form a m- s- along a- in CNS
M- a- permit faster transmission

Answer 8

myelin sheath along axon

Myelinated axons

Question 9

CNS neuroglia: Microglia
“W- disposal”
Help protect CNS via p—-cytosis of waste, d- and p-

Answer 9

Waste disposal

Phagocytosis of waste, debris and pathogens

Question 10

CNS Neuroglia: Ependymal cells
Line the ventricles of the b- and central c- of the s- cord
Secrete C ??
Monitors comp? and cir? C??

Answer 10

brain, canal ,spinal
Secrete CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
Composition, Circulates CSF

Question 11

PNS neuroglia: Schwann cells
Wrap around PNS a-
Multiple Schwann cells form m- s-
Also encase non myelinated axons

Answer 11

Axons

Myelin sheath

Question 12

PNS Neuroglia: Satellite cells
Surround cell bodies of n- in PNS
Provide s- s-
Regulate passage of material between n- s- (body) I- fluid

Answer 12

Neurons
Structure and support
Neuron soma and interstitial fluid

Question 13

Myelination of axons: 
Electrically in- a- 
Allows ? conduction jumps
CNS: O-
PNS: S- cells 
Gaps in Myelination are nodes of Ranvier

Answer 13

Electrically insulates axon
Faster conduction jumps
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells

Question 14

Resting Membrane potential: 
Chemical g- exists across the cell m-
Maintained by S- P- Pump  
Outer membrane= greater Na+ less K+
Inner membrane= greater _+ less _ _ +

Answer 14

Chemical gradient exists across cell membrane
Sodium potassium pump
greater K+ less Na+

Question 15

Sodium potassium pump :
3 Na+ out 2K+ in
ATP_ converts to A_ _
Loses 1 p-

Answer 15

ATP3 concerts to ADP (adenosine triphosphate-> diphosphate)

Loses 1 phosphate

Question 16

Resting membrane potential:
Potassium ions leak OUT of cell more easily than sodium ions leak INTO cell. 
Electrical potential / gradient =
 (?) inside and (?) outside 
Resting potential= -?0 mV

Answer 16

(-) inside and (+)outside

-70mv

Question 17

Resting membrane potential/ electrical potential is measured in ?

Answer 17

Volts (V) or milivolts (mV)?

Question 18

The synapse
The synapse permits the transmission of a nerve ? to another cell
Synapse can be either e? or c?

Chemical synapse
Action potential reaches axon terminal causes ca2+ channels on axons terminal to open
Concentration gradient travel across synaptic cleft.

Answer 18

Signal
Electrical / chemical
Calcium

Question 19

Action potentials depolarisation and repolarisation

Neurons fire when the axon resting membrane potential is reversed / ? by stimulation of dendrites
Causes opening of ? channels in trigger zone / axon
Due to chemical and ? gradient ? flows across axon membrane
Membrane potential changes from -70mv
to +?0mV = 100mv difference
Inside membrane = + , outside membrane = -
Resting membrane potential is r?

Answer 19

Depolarised 
Sodium 
Electrical 
Sodium 
30
Reversed

Question 20

Membrane repolarisation:

Neuron must be reset before can fire again.
Na+ channels ? and K+ channels ?
Sodium potassium pump recreates chemical gradient across membrane.
R? membrane potential is restored

Answer 20

Close
Open
Resting

Question 21

Neurons and n? make up neural tissue
Neurons generate and conduct e? information
They rely on ? ? to fire
The synapse permits the transmission of a n? signal to another cell

Answer 21

Neuroglia
Electrical
Action potentials
Nerve

Question 22

Chemical synapse:

Similar process to neurons action potential.
?+ channels open , ?+ ions travel along axon.
?+ enter axon terminal , trigger exocytosis of synaptic vesicle (neuro?)
Ca+ flows across concentration ?
Receptor channels open allows ions to enter cell = change in v? = ion con?

Answer 22

Ca+ , ca+ 
Ca+
Neurotransmitter 
Gradient 
Voltage , ion concentration

Question 23

Neurotransmitters = chemicals released from a neuron a? terminal that effect another cells membrane p?

Answer 23

Axon

Potential

Question 24

Neurotransmitters:

What are the 4 neurotransmitters?

1. Acetylcholine = voluntary m? movement
2. Nor? = / noradrenaline , heart rate and BP (ANS)
3. E? = major hormone CNS/ANS
4. Dop? = coordination movement, motivation and emotion

Answer 24

1. Muscle
2. Norepinephrine
3. Epinephrine
4. Dopamine

Question 25

Membrane potential ~ resting/ action = caused by which major ion?

Chemical synapse = caused by which major ion ?

Answer 25

1. Sodium Na+

2. Calcium Ca++