Wk 9- Adaptive Immune System Flashcards

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1
Q

The Adaptive immune system is:

The - line of defence
Is s? in action, not localised
Has a - and reacts forcefully against a - infection

A

3rd
Systemic
Memory, 2nd

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2
Q

Adaptive immunity and Antigens:

Foreign cells have - on their surface.
These - are recognised by cells of the adaptive immune system = - induce an adaptive immune response > the production of anti?
Our bodies possess their own self anti- (A,B,Rh)
Most antigens are p? or polysaccharides.

A
Antigens 
Antigens 
Antigens , antibodies 
Antigens 
proteins
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3
Q

Divisions of the adaptive immunity:

A.I can be divided into 2 groups

  1. Cell Me? immunity and
  2. H? immunity (fluid)
A

Cell mediated

Humoral

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4
Q

Divisions A.I

  1. Cell mediated
    Immune function performed by activated ?
    Destroys intracellular pa? cancerous cells and fo? cells.
A

Cells

Pathogens foreign

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5
Q

Divisions A.I

  1. Humoral immunity
    Antibody mediated immunity = i? function performed by -
    Removes extra cellular pa?
A

Immune
Antibodies
Pathogens

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6
Q

Lymphocytes:

Humans carry around 1? weighing 1 --
What are the 3 classes of lymphocytes?
1. -- cells 
2. - cells:  3 types=  cytotoxic (CD8) and helper ?cells (CD4) memory (thymus) 
3. - cells (bone marrow)
A

Trillion, kg

  1. NK , natural killer
  2. T cells
  3. B cells
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7
Q

T and B cell receptors:

Each individual T or B cells produces receptors for only - antigen
T cells have additional receptors which are proteins. C?? C??
B = 1 antigen
T = 1 antigen ,2 proteins

A

1

CD4 , CD8

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8
Q

Our cells display their own self antigens.
Human self antigens = MHC molecules
What does MHC stand for?
Major his? Com?

MHC can be divided into class 1 and class 2

A

Major historycompatability complex

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9
Q

MHC classes: 1 endogenous antigens

Class 1
N? cells
Incorporate foreign anti? after infection
Labels cell as infected to cytotoxic ? cell (CD?)

A

Nucleated
Antigen
T, CD8

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10
Q

MHC classes: 2 exogenous antigens

Class 2
Displayed by antigen p- cells (APC)
Engulf and break down pathogenic antigen (Mac? Den? cells and ? Cells)
Present antigen MHC complex to Helper ? cells (CD?)

A

Presenting
Macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells
T, CD4

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11
Q

Memory T cells:

Produced during ? cell activation~ cloned
Remain in l? tissue
Very fast reaction to second exposure of infection/ a?

A

T cell
Lymphatic
Antigens

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12
Q

B cell activation:

Antigen binding 
Activation via ? T cells 
Division and differentiation 
Produce ~
1. Pl? cells (antibodies) 
2. M? cells
A

Helper
Plasma Cells
Memory cells

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13
Q

B cell activation:

  1. Plasma cells
    Secrete antibodies 2000/second/cell
    Short lifespan last 4-? Days
    Peak plasma antibody concentration at -0 days
  2. Memory B cells
    Remember ? for fast future activation
A

4-5
10
Antigens

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14
Q

Antibodies:

Immunoglobulins (Igs)
Y shaped
Target extra cellular pathogens and t?
5 mechanisms
Agglutination ~ antibodies clump antigens together to enhance pha?
Opsonisation~ immunoglobulin coats anti? and binds phagocytes enhancing pha?
Neutralisation~ antibodies bind pathogenic components of t? and block toxic effects
Complement activation~ antibodies activate complement pr? leading to cell lysis
Inflammation ~ immunoglobulin binds ma? cells and basophils triggers release of ? response

A
Toxins 
Phagocytosis 
Antigens , phagocytosis 
Toxins 
Proteins 
Mast cells 
Inflammatory
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