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Human Biology > Wk 8- The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Wk 8- The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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1
Q

Main features of the cardiovascular system:

h?
b?
b   v? 
a?
v? 
c?
A 
Heart 
Blood
Blood vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
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2
Q

Main chambers of the heart:

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
2?
2?
There are left and right of each

A

Atriums left and right

Ventricles left and right

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3
Q

The main chambers:

Atriums receive blood
L=oxygen - blood
R=oxygen - blood

A

Left - rich

Right - poor

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4
Q

Main chambers:

Ventricles pump blood
R=blood to ?
L=blood to circulatory Systems : c? and s?

A

Right- lungs

Left- systemic and coronary

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5
Q

Main arteries/ veins: Coronary arteries

H? Supply of blood
Left and right coronary arteries feed the base of the a?
Right coronary arteries feed into the ? Atrium and ? Ventricles
Left coronary arteries feed into ? Atrium, left ventricle and interventricular s-

A

Heart
Aorta
Right atrium , both ventricles
Left atrium, septum

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6
Q

Coronary veins:

Oxygen ? blood from heart drains to coronary s?The coronary s- empties blood into the right atrium at the base of the v- c-
There are 4 main veins:
1. G- cardiac vein
2. M- cardiac vein
3. S- cardiac vein
4. A- cardiac vein
A

Poor
Sinus
Sinus, vena cava
Great , middle , small, anterior

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7
Q

Structure blood vessels Arteries and veins:

What are the 3 internal layers?

  1. T- I-
    innermost layer, ^ smooth= less friction
  2. T- M-
    Middle layer, elastic and smooth muscle , allows vasoconstriction / dilation , thicker in the arteries
  3. T- E-
    Outermost layer, connective tissue, fuses with adjacent tissue for blood and nerve supply
A
  1. Tunica Intima
  2. Tunica Media
  3. Tunica External
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8
Q

Structural differences between blood vessels arteries and veins :

Arteries:
- walls
S- muscles
Resists ^ pressure

Veins:
F? walls
- way valves

A

Thick walls
Smooth

Floppy walls
1 way

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9
Q

Structures of the heart

Aortic - 
Superior - - 
Anterior - - 
Pulmonary - , left and right 
Pulmonary - , left and right 
A- left and right 
V- left and right 
Inter- septum
A 
Aortic arch 
Superior vena cava 
Anterior vena cava 
Pulmonary arteries 
Pulmonary veins 
Atriums 
Ventricles 
Interventricular septum
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10
Q

Structure of the heart:

The Heart wall has 3 layers:
- cardium
Outer layer/ visceral pericardium 
- cardium 
Muscular wall, contains cardiac muscle vasculature and nerves 
- cardium  
 Inner layer
A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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11
Q

Aortic arch :

Pumps oxygen ? blood out of the heart for - circulation in the body

A

Oxygen Rich

Systemic circulation

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12
Q

The vena cavas:

The superior vena cava:
Blood - the heart from the ?body

The anterior vena cava:
Blood - the heart from the ?body

A

Into, upper

Into, lower

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13
Q

The heart valves:

There are 2 types of heart valves
2 ?
2 ?

The ? Is between the atriums and ventricles on each side
They prevent back flow
? valves= 1 at the base of the a? artery and 1 at the base of the p?artery
Prevent blood back flow from arteries into ven?

A

AV
SV

AV
SV, aorta , pulmonary
Ventricles

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14
Q

Pulmonary arteries/veins/valves

Pulmonary arteries:
Oxygen - blood sent to the - to convert –2 to -2

Pulmonary veins:
Oxygen - blood from the - is sent to the -

The pulmonary valve/ – valve sends blood - to the -

A

Oxygen poor , lungs, CO2 to O2
Oxygen rich, lungs , heart
SV , up , artery

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15
Q

Blood vessels:

There are 5 classes of blood vessels:

  1. Art?
  2. Arterioles
  3. Ca?
  4. Ven?
  5. V?
A

Arteries
Capillaries
Venules
Veins

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16
Q

Blood vessels: capillaries

Capillaries are extremely ? blood vessels
Their structure allows the passage of specific substances through the walls.
Capillaries permit nutrient / w? / gas e?
Capillaries are found next to almost all tissues with meta? requirements ( waste/ nutrients)

A

Small
Waste, exchange
Metabolic

17
Q

Heart valves:

Blood must flow through the heart in ? direction.
Atria > v?
Ventricles into either pul? or systemic circulation.
What are the 4 valves that ensure this ? way passage?
2 AV = at? valves
2 Semilunar valves

A 
One 
Ventricles 
Pulmonary
One 
Atrioventricular
18
Q

The heart is surrounded by the lungs, encased in peri?
Beats 100,000 times/day
Pumps at least 1?,000 litres blood/ day
Adaptable = can ? number bpm, force of con? and stroke volume

A

Pericardium
14,000
Increase
Contraction

Human Biology (34 decks)

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