Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Biology > Wk5- CNS- The Brain & Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Wk5- CNS- The Brain & Spinal Cord Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 6 sections of the brain ?

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Diencephalon (Thalamus ,Hypothalamus)
  4. Mesencephalon
  5. Pons
  6. Medulla Oblongata
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain

  1. What are the 2 Hemispheres divided into?
  2. Is heavily f-?
  3. The Cerebral cortex is g- matter covering w-?matter
A
  1. Left and right
  2. Folded
  3. Grey matter , white matter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The Cerebellum is the 2nd largest part of the brain

  1. Like the C- it is also divided into Left and Right Hemispheres
  2. A grey matter c- covers white matter
  3. The Cerebellum is responsible for coordination, m- , equilibrium and b-?
A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Cortex
  3. Movement and balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The Diencephalon is made up of the Thalamus and hypothalamus.
The Thalamus :
1. The thalamus is divided into l- and r- lobes.
2. Process and relays information for c- c- interpretation
3. Houses a small gland that is also part of the endocrine system

A
  1. Left and right
  2. Cerebral cortex
  3. Pituitary gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
The Diencephalon :
The Hypothalamus is responsible for primitive survival reactions and regulates
1. The - Nervous System
2. S- /w- cycle 
3. T- / h- drives
4. Body t-
5. R-
6. Blood c-
A
  1. Autonomic
  2. Sleep / wake cycle
  3. Thirst / hunger drives
  4. Body temperature
  5. Reproduction
  6. Blood composition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q 
The Misencephalon / mid brain 
Contains cerebral peduncles that carry nerve fibres from the cerebrum to the spinal cord, medulla and pons
1. Contains v- and h- reflex systems 
2. V- tracking / s- 
3. S- reflexes
A
  1. Vision and hearing reflex systems
  2. Visual tracking / scanning
  3. Startle reflexes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q 
The Pons (bridge)
1. Conveys m- information to spinal cord and cerebellum 
Helps regulate 
2. s-/w- cycle 
3. M-
4. Control b-
A
  1. Motor information
  2. Sleep/ wake cycle
  3. Movement
  4. Controls breathing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The Medulla Oblongata relays information from the brain to the spinal cord

  1. The desussation point: _0% A- cross from opposite hemispheres
  2. Regulate h- r- respiration and b- p-
A
  1. 90% of Axons cross across left and right

2. Regulate heart rate respiration and blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The Spinal cord:

  1. Enlargements occur at areas of s- and m- control connection, wider areas for processing.
  2. Enlargements - C and L
  3. C - supplies nerves to u- limbs (shoulders)
  4. L- supplies nerves to l- limbs (pelvis)
A
  1. Sensory and motor control
  2. Cervical and lumber
  3. Cervical , upper
  4. Lumber, lower
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Spinal cord Anatomy:
1.White matter = m- and un- axons
2.Grey matter = cell bodies and un- axons, forms - shape horns
3. What are the 2 different types of roots?
1 type is Afferent ,1 Efferent

A
  1. Myenilated and unmyenilated axons
  2. Unmyenilated , H shape horns
  3. Dorsal / posterior roots (Afferent) - information to CNS
    Ventral / anterior roots (efferent)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the functions of the Cerebrospinal fluid?

  1. Protect and regulate the _ _ _
  2. Act as a s- a- and f- brain in cranium
  3. H- : controls _ _ , carries/ circulates h- and n-
A
  1. CNS
  2. Shock absorber , floats brain
  3. Homeostasis : controls PH / circulates hormones and nutrients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What protects the spinal cord ?
1. A f- l-
2. 3 types of Spinal m-
D- mater, A- mater, P- mater

A
  1. Fat layer

2. Meninges, Dura, Arachnoid , Pia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What 4 lobes divide the Cerebrum?

  1. Motor
  2. Sensory
  3. Language
  4. Vision
A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q 
Frontal lobe functions: efferent
Primary motor area and skeletal muscle control 
B- - - - - - - r
L- - - - - - g
P- - - - - - - - - y
P- - - - - - - - - - - l state
A

Behaviour
Learning
Personality
Psychological state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q 
Parietal lobe functions: Afferent 
Primary sensory area and perception of touch 
T- - - - e
P- - - - - - e
P- - n
V- - - - - - - n
T- - - - - - - - - e
A 
Taste 
Pressure
Pain
Vibration
Temperature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
Temporal lobe functions: 
H - - - - - g 
L- - - - - - e
M- - - - - y
E - - - - - - s
A

Hearing
Language
Memory
Emotions

17
Q

Occipital lobe functions:
Primary visual area
V- - - - - perception

A

Visual

18
Q

There are 4 ventricles in the brain.
Left ,Right ,3rd and 4th
_ _ _ circulates around the ventricles , cranial m- and central c- - - -

A

CSF (cerebrospinal fluid), Cranial meninges , central canal

19
Q

Methods of protecting the brain:

  1. Hard shell
  2. _ _ _ : floats brain/ a- - - - - s impact, reduces weight _._kg - _.5g, cranial m - - - - - - s(3 types) D,A,P maters
A
  1. Cranium

2. CSF : absorbs , 1.4kg - 0.5g, cranial meninges , dura/arachnoid/pia mater

20
Q

The Blood Brain Barrier
Protective mechanism isolates neural tissue from general circulation
*T - - - - junctions : prevent diffusion through capillaries.
*Astro? projections secrete chemicals that sustain the reduced permeability
*Glucose crosses the barrier by a—— t——–

A
  1. Tight junctions
  2. Astrocyte projections
  3. Active transport
21
Q

Spinal cord anatomy:

H shape roots = grey matter
Dorsal roots = axons of Afferent (?) nerves bringing information ? the CNS
Ventral roots = Axons of efferent (?) neurons sending instructions ? of CNS to effectors

A

Sensory , to

Motor, out

22
Q

Protecting the brain:

  1. Cranial meninges
  2. Dural folds
  3. CSF

? Mater= strongest meninges , also forms Dural folds which hold brain in place.
? Mater = web like projections extend into sub? space and onto ? mater. Sub? space filled with CSF.
? Mater = covers cerebral cortex and spinal cord surface, most delicate of three.

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater, sub arachnoid, Pia mater, sub arachnoid
Pia mater

23
Q 
Protecting the spinal cord:
 Like the brain the spinal cord uses the same protective mechanisms.
? Mater and subdural space 
? Mater and sub arachnoid space
? Mater
A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

24
Q

Spinal cord anatomy:

Spinal cord like the brain is made of up roots and horns.
The p? root = Afferent (?) information in/out
The a? root = efferent (?) information in/out
The spinal n? sends the Afferent information to somatic (skin) / visceral (blood vessel) ? organs and tissues. The spinal n?sends the efferent information to visceral(smooth muscle) /somatic (skeletal muscle) ? organs and tissues.

A 
Posterior, Sensory 
Anterior, Motor 
Nerve 
Sensory 
Nerve 
Motor

Human Biology (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions