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Human Biology > Wk 10- Functions Endocrine System > Flashcards

Wk 10- Functions Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the major endocrine organs?

  1. Pituitary glands ~ ? and ?
  2. Thyroid and ?
  3. Adrenal glands
  4. ?
  5. Gonads ~ ? hormones
A

Anterior , posterior
Parathyroid
Pancreas
Sex

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2
Q

Pituitary glands: connected to the hypothalamus

Anterior = ? tissue , ? major hormones 
Posterior = ? tissue, ? hormones
A

Glandular , 6

Neural, 2

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3
Q

Anterior hormones:

1. Thyroid stimulating hormone (?)
Acts on ? gland 
Causes release of T? T? 
increase ? rate 
? Feedback control
A 
TSH
Thyroid 
T3,T4
Metabolic 
Negative
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4
Q

Anterior hormones:
2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH)
Stimulates the release of s? hormone from ? cortex (? Glands)
Affects gl? metabolism

A

Steroid, adrenal ,adrenal , glucose

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5
Q

Anterior hormones:
3. Growth hormone (?)
Stimulates growth and maintenance of ? and b? via insulin g? factors (IGFs)
? Feedback control

A

GH , muscle and bone, growth

Negative

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6
Q

Anterior hormones:
4. Prolactin (PRL)
Stimulates m? gland development
Initiates m? production

  1. Follicle stimulation hormone (FSH)
    E? and follicles in females
    T? in males
A

Mammary , milk
Estrogen
Testosterone

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7
Q

Anterior hormones:
6. Lutenising hormone (?)
Induces ov? and stimulates estrogen and p? in females.
T? in males.

A

LH, ovulation, progesterone

Testosterone

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8
Q 
Posterior hormones:
1. Anti diuretic hormone (?)
Decreases water loss from k? 
Maintains water levels 
Inhibited by a?
A

ADH, kidney , alcohol

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9
Q

Posterior hormones:
2. Oxytocin (OT)
Stimulates ? contraction in ?
Promotes ? Ejection

A

Muscular ,uterus

Milk

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10
Q

The thyroid gland:

Located between larynx and ? 
L and R lobes form ? shape 
Secretes ~ 
1. ? : Triiodothyronine  
2. T4: ? 
Regulates BMR (?) and growth 
3. Calcitonin 
? blood ? Ion c?
A 
Trachea 
Butterfly 
T3
Thyroxine 
Basal metabolic rate 
Decreases Calcium , concentration
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11
Q

Parathyroid:

Located rear of thyroid
2 parathyroids on each lobe = ? Total
Secretes~
Parathyroid hormone: ? Blood calcium concentration

A

4, increases

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12
Q

Adrenal glands:

Located top of the ?
Secrete 5 hormones in total , ? from the medulla and ? from the cortex.

A

Kidneys , 2 , 3

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13
Q

Adrenal glands:

Adrenal medulla

  1. E?
  2. N?
A

Epinephrine - adrenaline

Norepinephrine

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14
Q

Adrenal glands:

Adrenal cortex~

  1. Glucocorticoid
  2. Aldosterone (Bp maintenance by ?)
  3. A? (male sex hormones)
A

Kidneys , androgens

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15
Q 
The Pancreas:
Located in the abdomino-pelvic cavity 
Both ? and ? function 
Ex?= digestive fluids 
En?= islets langerhans 
(alpha = secrete glucagon, beta = secrete ?)
A

Exocrine, endocrine

Exocrine , endocrine , insulin

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16
Q

The Gonads:

Organs produce g? and sex hormones
Testes = secrete a? (Testosterone)
Ovaries= produce ? and ?

A

Gametes
Androgens
Estrogen progesterone

17
Q

Malfunction of growth hormone:

Key cell in growth, increase rate of protein synthesis and ? growth.
v GH= pituitary d?
^ before skeletal epiphyseal plates close = g?
^ ? skeletal epiphyseal plates close= acromegaly

A

Skeletal

Dwarfism, gigantism, after

18
Q

Malfunction thyroid hormones:

Thyroid Hormone controls metabolic rate
^ TH= ^ metabolic rate + body temp= ? Disease
v TH= v metabolic rate + body temp= impaired physical and mental development = c?

A

Graves , cretinism

19
Q

Insulin :

Across on cells of liver/ cardiac muscle/ skeletal muscle and brain.
^ insulin= hy? low blood glucose
v insulin = hy? / insulin resistance can lead to ?

A

Hypoglycaemia

Hyperglycaemia , diabetes

20
Q

Insulin and diabetes:
v insulin = type ?
Beta cells X producing enough. Glucose remains in the ? and do not enter the ?

Insulin resistance = type ?
Target cells X respond to ?
Glucose X enter ? and remains in the ?

A

1, blood , cells

2, insulin , cells , blood

21
Q

Antidiuretic hormone:

Decreases ? production
1-2 L produced with ADH, ?L produced without ADH = ?

ADH causes kidneys to r? water
Cause sweat glands to ? water loss
Causes constriction of arterioles

A

Urine, 20L, dehydration

Resorb , reduce

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