Wk 10- Functions Endocrine System Flashcards
What are the major endocrine organs?
- Pituitary glands ~ ? and ?
- Thyroid and ?
- Adrenal glands
- ?
- Gonads ~ ? hormones
Anterior , posterior
Parathyroid
Pancreas
Sex
Pituitary glands: connected to the hypothalamus
Anterior = ? tissue , ? major hormones Posterior = ? tissue, ? hormones
Glandular , 6
Neural, 2
Anterior hormones:
1. Thyroid stimulating hormone (?) Acts on ? gland Causes release of T? T? increase ? rate ? Feedback control
TSH Thyroid T3,T4 Metabolic Negative
Anterior hormones:
2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ATCH)
Stimulates the release of s? hormone from ? cortex (? Glands)
Affects gl? metabolism
Steroid, adrenal ,adrenal , glucose
Anterior hormones:
3. Growth hormone (?)
Stimulates growth and maintenance of ? and b? via insulin g? factors (IGFs)
? Feedback control
GH , muscle and bone, growth
Negative
Anterior hormones:
4. Prolactin (PRL)
Stimulates m? gland development
Initiates m? production
- Follicle stimulation hormone (FSH)
E? and follicles in females
T? in males
Mammary , milk
Estrogen
Testosterone
Anterior hormones:
6. Lutenising hormone (?)
Induces ov? and stimulates estrogen and p? in females.
T? in males.
LH, ovulation, progesterone
Testosterone
Posterior hormones: 1. Anti diuretic hormone (?) Decreases water loss from k? Maintains water levels Inhibited by a?
ADH, kidney , alcohol
Posterior hormones:
2. Oxytocin (OT)
Stimulates ? contraction in ?
Promotes ? Ejection
Muscular ,uterus
Milk
The thyroid gland:
Located between larynx and ? L and R lobes form ? shape Secretes ~ 1. ? : Triiodothyronine 2. T4: ? Regulates BMR (?) and growth 3. Calcitonin ? blood ? Ion c?
Trachea Butterfly T3 Thyroxine Basal metabolic rate Decreases Calcium , concentration
Parathyroid:
Located rear of thyroid
2 parathyroids on each lobe = ? Total
Secretes~
Parathyroid hormone: ? Blood calcium concentration
4, increases
Adrenal glands:
Located top of the ?
Secrete 5 hormones in total , ? from the medulla and ? from the cortex.
Kidneys , 2 , 3
Adrenal glands:
Adrenal medulla
- E?
- N?
Epinephrine - adrenaline
Norepinephrine
Adrenal glands:
Adrenal cortex~
- Glucocorticoid
- Aldosterone (Bp maintenance by ?)
- A? (male sex hormones)
Kidneys , androgens
The Pancreas: Located in the abdomino-pelvic cavity Both ? and ? function Ex?= digestive fluids En?= islets langerhans (alpha = secrete glucagon, beta = secrete ?)
Exocrine, endocrine
Exocrine , endocrine , insulin
The Gonads:
Organs produce g? and sex hormones
Testes = secrete a? (Testosterone)
Ovaries= produce ? and ?
Gametes
Androgens
Estrogen progesterone
Malfunction of growth hormone:
Key cell in growth, increase rate of protein synthesis and ? growth.
v GH= pituitary d?
^ before skeletal epiphyseal plates close = g?
^ ? skeletal epiphyseal plates close= acromegaly
Skeletal
Dwarfism, gigantism, after
Malfunction thyroid hormones:
Thyroid Hormone controls metabolic rate
^ TH= ^ metabolic rate + body temp= ? Disease
v TH= v metabolic rate + body temp= impaired physical and mental development = c?
Graves , cretinism
Insulin :
Across on cells of liver/ cardiac muscle/ skeletal muscle and brain.
^ insulin= hy? low blood glucose
v insulin = hy? / insulin resistance can lead to ?
Hypoglycaemia
Hyperglycaemia , diabetes
Insulin and diabetes:
v insulin = type ?
Beta cells X producing enough. Glucose remains in the ? and do not enter the ?
Insulin resistance = type ?
Target cells X respond to ?
Glucose X enter ? and remains in the ?
1, blood , cells
2, insulin , cells , blood
Antidiuretic hormone:
Decreases ? production
1-2 L produced with ADH, ?L produced without ADH = ?
ADH causes kidneys to r? water
Cause sweat glands to ? water loss
Causes constriction of arterioles
Urine, 20L, dehydration
Resorb , reduce
