Wk 1- The Cell Flashcards
Background to cells :
Robert H? in 1665 looked at slices of ? under a microscope. He saw small compartments or ? His research resulted in ? T?
Hooke, cell, cell theory
Cell theory:
All living things are made up of ? or more ?
All living ? arise from pre existing ? by d?
Energy flow , metabolism and biochemistry occurs within cells
Cells contain — which is found specifically in the ch?
RNA is found in the cell n? and cy?
1, cells
Cells, cells, division
DNA, chromosome,
Nucleus, cytoplasm
Structure of eukaryotic cells:
? structure
— contained in nucleus
Single or ? celled organism
Includes animals, plants, humans
Complex
DNA
Multi celled
Structure of eukaryotic cells:
Cell m?
encases cell ?
N?
Contains ? information (DNA)
Cy?
O? and cy? (intracellular fluid)
Membrane , contents
Nucleus , genetic
Cytoplasm , organelles , cytosol
The Nucleus
Encompassed by ? envelope. Contains ?nucleic acid (DNA) DNA contains --,000 genes Genes contain the ? for p? DNA is wrapped around proteins / h? Contains smaller nucleolus ~ proteins and --- , produce ri?
Nuclear Deoxyribonucleic 21,000 Code , proteins Histones RNA , ribosomes
Organelles :
Organelles can be divided into 2 categories ;
- ? ~ in direct contact with cytosol
- ? ~ separated from cytosol
Non membraneous
Membraneous
Non membraneous organelles include:
Cyto? (Structure) Micro? ( Centrioles Cilia Ri?
Cytoskeleton
Micro villi
Ribosomes
Non membraneous organelles :
Cytoskeleton = provides ? support and movement. Consists of 3 components ~
Micro? (Contractile ability)
I? filaments (stabilise cell and cell components)
Micro t? (Determine cell shape, involved in movement)
Structural
Microfilament
Intermediate filament
Micro tubule
Non membraneous organelles:
Micro villi
Small ? like projections
Increase ? and aid in a? Can be found in d? tract
Cilia
Long ? like extensions of cell
Aid m? of mu? Can be found in r? tract
Finger
Surface area , absorption , digestive
Finger
Movement, mucus , respiratory
Non membraneous organelles:
Centrioles
Instrumental in cell ?
Ribosomes
S? p?
Free ribosomes dispersed in c? Fixed ribosomes on rough –? Also found in m? (Power house)
Division
Synthesise proteins
Cytoplasm , ER Endoplasmic reticulum , mitochondria
Membraneous organelles include;
M? (power house) ER (?) (highway) G? Complex (stores and transports) L? (Garbage disposal) Perox? (Detoxify harmful substances)
Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi complex Lysosomes Peroxisomes
Non membraneous organelles:
Mitochondria
Sites of ? production
Produces majority of — (?) Adenosine triphosphate
Own DNA =
Energy
ATP , adenosine triphosphate
mDNA
Non membraneous organelles:
Endoplasmic reticulum
Membrane network attached to n? envelope
Rough ER=manufacture of p?
Smooth ER= inactivation and ? of toxins
Nuclear
Proteins
Detoxification
Non membraneous organelles:
Golgi complex
Modifies, sorts and ? proteins
Stores and ?
Secretory vesicles for delivery ? the cell
Membrane vesicles for cell ? components
Transport vesicles for delivery ? the cell
Packages Transports Outside Membrane Within
Non membraneous organelles:
Lysosomes
Garbage ? and r?
Peroxisomes
? harmful substances such as alcohol
Disposal , recycling
Detoxify
