Wk 11- Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Structures respiratory systems

Upper respiratory tract
Nose / nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses and pharynx

Lower respiratory tract
L? > Br?
T? > B? and a?

A

Larynx > bronchi

Trachea > bronchioles and alveoli

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2
Q

Lower respiratory tract

The trachea (windpipe) 
16-?0 tracheal c? Hyaline 
? Shaped cartilage stiffen trachea and allows contractions 
No p? cartilage 
Branches into L and R p? bronchi
A

20
C shaped
Posterior
Primary bronchi

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3
Q

Trachea and Bronchi

Left and right branch off trachea ~like a tree with no leaves 
Consists of 1 bronchus and 2 bronchi 
P? Bronch?
S? Bronch?
T? Bronch? 
These all feed into the lungs
A

Primary bronchus
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi

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4
Q

Pleural cavity:

The ? reside in the pleural cavity
The cavity is lined with a pleural m?
Pleural secretes pleural ? : lubrication for l? as they in? and de?
Prevents frictions building up

A

Lungs
Membrane
Fluid , lungs , inflate , deflate

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5
Q

Bronchioles and alveoli

Bronchial tube ends in a bronchial cluster of of a?
Air passes through a? s? on inhalation
S? m? Fibres control diameter of bronchial t?

A

Alveoli
Alveoli sac
Smooth muscle , tubes

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6
Q

Bronchioles and alveoli

Outside the alveoli sac ~
The capillary network exchange g? -02 and -2
Elastic fibres = ability to c? and r? during in? and ex?
= retains s?

A

Gases , C02, 02
Contract and relax , inhalation , exhalation
Shape

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7
Q

Alveoli

Alveolar ducts connect respiratory b? to alveolar s?
Each alveolus has extensive c? supply > g? e? Between b? and a?

A

Bronchioles, sac
Capillary , gas exchange
Blood, air

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8
Q

Alveoli

E? fibres encase alveoli > assist ejection of ?
Each ? Contains 1-0 million alveoli = large s? a? allows rapid d?
Gas exchange happens a? alveoli surface

A

Elastic , air
Lung , 150, surface area , diffusion
Across

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9
Q

Alveoli cells:

Type 1= s?
Type 2= s? s? Loosen surface tension of water. The alveolus is covered in water ~ h? Bonds
Macrophages= fight introduced microorganisms in?

A

Structural
Secrete surfactant
Hydrogen
Inhaled

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10
Q

Pulmonary ventilation: respiratory muscles

Inhalation and exhalation of air 
C? and r? of respiratory muscles 
in? muscles (internal/external) 
Diaphragm muscles 
External/internal o?
T?/r? Abdominus
A

Contraction relaxation
Intercostal
Oblique
Transverse / rectus

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11
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

Muscles maintain airflow in/out of alveoli
Ensures oxygen is delivered and co2 is? from b? In p? c?

A

Removed , blood , pulmonary capillaries

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12
Q

Air movement into/out lungs = b? Law

Inhale = ^ v? of lungs, decrease p? in lungs
Atmospheric air pressure ^ alveolar air pressure
Air flows outside > into lungs

Inhale = ? ?

A

Volume, pressure

Inhale = increase volume in lungs decrease pressure in lungs

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13
Q

Exhale = decrease v? lungs ^ p? alveoli/ lungs

Passive exhalation = r? external ?/ diaphragm
Active exhalation = c? internal ? / a?

A

Relax, intercostals

Contract , intercostals , abdominals

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14
Q

Pressure change respiration

Inhalation pressure:
Air 760
Alveoli 758 v
Pleural 754 v

Exhalation pressure:
Air 760
Alveoli 7?2 ^
Pleural 75? ^

A

762

758

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15
Q

Lung volumes:

What are the 4 categories?
R? Volume 
T? Volume 
In? Reserve volume 
Ex? Reserve volume
A

Residual
Tidal
Inspiratory
Expiratory

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16
Q

Residual volume =
? all air expelled by lungs
? Volume air remaining
1- 1.? L

Tidal volume=
R? Volume air inhaled/exhaled
Represents air moved in 1 breath

A

Not
1/4
1.2
Resting volume

17
Q

Inspiratory volume=
D? Inhalation
Excess volume inhaled beyond normal t? volume

Expiratory volume=
Deep e?
Excess volume exhaled beyond normal t? volume

A

Deep , tidal

Exhalation , tidal

18
Q
Lung capacities: 
What are the 4 lung capacities? 
1. In?
2. F? Residual 
3. V? Capacity 
4. T? Lung 
Inspiratory=
Inspiration reserve volume + ? Volume 
Maximum volume air inhaled from normal expiratory level
A

Inspiratory
Functional residual
Vital capacity
Total lung capacity

tidal volume

19
Q

Functional residual capacity=
Expiratory reserve volume + r? Volume
Volume air remaining in lungs after normal expiration

A

Residual volume

20
Q

Vital capacity=
Inspiratory reserve volume + ? Volume + e? Reserve volume
Maximum volume air inhaled/exhaled

A

Tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume

21
Q

Total lung capacity=

? Capacity + r? Volume

A

Vital capacity + residual volume

22
Q

Partial pressure respiratory system:
Pulmonary gas exchange

         Alveolus        Pulmonary capillaries  o2 v ~ 10? mmhg     4? 

Co2 ^ ~ 40 4?

A

4, 40, 45

23
Q

Tissue gas exchange:

          Systemic capillary   Tissue cell  O2v ~    100                            4? 

Co2 ^ ~ 40 ?5

A

40, 45

24
Q

Partial pressure:

Gas= a mixture of individual gases. Each gas has a partial pressure that contributes to the overall gas pressure.

O2 = 20.? % of 7?0 mmhg = 15?mmhg 
Co2= 0.0? % of ?60 mmhg = ?.3 mmhg
A

9, 760, 159

.4, 760, 0

25
Q

Gases air is made of :

  1. ? N2= 78.6%
  2. ? O2= 20.?%
  3. Argon ?? = 0.093%
  4. ? Co2 = 0.0?
  5. ? H2o + others = 0.367%

Atmospheric pressure sea level = ??0 mmhg

A
  1. Nitrogen
  2. Oxygen , 9
  3. Ar
  4. Carbon dioxide , 4
  5. Water
    760