Wk 11- Respiratory System

Question 1

Structures respiratory systems

Upper respiratory tract
Nose / nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses and pharynx

Lower respiratory tract
L? > Br?
T? > B? and a?

Answer 1

Larynx > bronchi

Trachea > bronchioles and alveoli

Question 2

Lower respiratory tract

The trachea (windpipe) 
16-?0 tracheal c? Hyaline 
? Shaped cartilage stiffen trachea and allows contractions 
No p? cartilage 
Branches into L and R p? bronchi

Answer 2

20
C shaped
Posterior
Primary bronchi

Question 3

Trachea and Bronchi

Left and right branch off trachea ~like a tree with no leaves 
Consists of 1 bronchus and 2 bronchi 
P? Bronch?
S? Bronch?
T? Bronch? 
These all feed into the lungs

Answer 3

Primary bronchus
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi

Question 4

Pleural cavity:

The ? reside in the pleural cavity
The cavity is lined with a pleural m?
Pleural secretes pleural ? : lubrication for l? as they in? and de?
Prevents frictions building up

Answer 4

Lungs
Membrane
Fluid , lungs , inflate , deflate

Question 5

Bronchioles and alveoli

Bronchial tube ends in a bronchial cluster of of a?
Air passes through a? s? on inhalation
S? m? Fibres control diameter of bronchial t?

Answer 5

Alveoli
Alveoli sac
Smooth muscle , tubes

Question 6

Bronchioles and alveoli

Outside the alveoli sac ~
The capillary network exchange g? -02 and -2
Elastic fibres = ability to c? and r? during in? and ex?
= retains s?

Answer 6

Gases , C02, 02
Contract and relax , inhalation , exhalation
Shape

Question 7

Alveoli

Alveolar ducts connect respiratory b? to alveolar s?
Each alveolus has extensive c? supply > g? e? Between b? and a?

Answer 7

Bronchioles, sac
Capillary , gas exchange
Blood, air

Question 8

Alveoli

E? fibres encase alveoli > assist ejection of ?
Each ? Contains 1-0 million alveoli = large s? a? allows rapid d?
Gas exchange happens a? alveoli surface

Answer 8

Elastic , air
Lung , 150, surface area , diffusion
Across

Question 9

Alveoli cells:

Type 1= s?
Type 2= s? s? Loosen surface tension of water. The alveolus is covered in water ~ h? Bonds
Macrophages= fight introduced microorganisms in?

Answer 9

Structural
Secrete surfactant
Hydrogen
Inhaled

Question 10

Pulmonary ventilation: respiratory muscles

Inhalation and exhalation of air 
C? and r? of respiratory muscles 
in? muscles (internal/external) 
Diaphragm muscles 
External/internal o?
T?/r? Abdominus

Answer 10

Contraction relaxation
Intercostal
Oblique
Transverse / rectus

Question 11

Pulmonary ventilation

Muscles maintain airflow in/out of alveoli
Ensures oxygen is delivered and co2 is? from b? In p? c?

Answer 11

Removed , blood , pulmonary capillaries

Question 12

Air movement into/out lungs = b? Law

Inhale = ^ v? of lungs, decrease p? in lungs
Atmospheric air pressure ^ alveolar air pressure
Air flows outside > into lungs

Inhale = ? ?

Answer 12

Volume, pressure

Inhale = increase volume in lungs decrease pressure in lungs

Question 13

Exhale = decrease v? lungs ^ p? alveoli/ lungs

Passive exhalation = r? external ?/ diaphragm
Active exhalation = c? internal ? / a?

Answer 13

Relax, intercostals

Contract , intercostals , abdominals

Question 14

Pressure change respiration

Inhalation pressure:
Air 760
Alveoli 758 v
Pleural 754 v

Exhalation pressure:
Air 760
Alveoli 7?2 ^
Pleural 75? ^

Answer 14

762

758

Question 15

Lung volumes:

What are the 4 categories?
R? Volume 
T? Volume 
In? Reserve volume 
Ex? Reserve volume

Answer 15

Residual
Tidal
Inspiratory
Expiratory

Question 16

Residual volume =
? all air expelled by lungs
? Volume air remaining
1- 1.? L

Tidal volume=
R? Volume air inhaled/exhaled
Represents air moved in 1 breath

Answer 16

Not
1/4
1.2
Resting volume

Question 17

Inspiratory volume=
D? Inhalation
Excess volume inhaled beyond normal t? volume

Expiratory volume=
Deep e?
Excess volume exhaled beyond normal t? volume

Answer 17

Deep , tidal

Exhalation , tidal

Question 18

Lung capacities: 
What are the 4 lung capacities? 
1. In?
2. F? Residual 
3. V? Capacity 
4. T? Lung 
Inspiratory=
Inspiration reserve volume + ? Volume 
Maximum volume air inhaled from normal expiratory level

Answer 18

Inspiratory
Functional residual
Vital capacity
Total lung capacity

tidal volume

Question 19

Functional residual capacity=
Expiratory reserve volume + r? Volume
Volume air remaining in lungs after normal expiration

Answer 19

Residual volume

Question 20

Vital capacity=
Inspiratory reserve volume + ? Volume + e? Reserve volume
Maximum volume air inhaled/exhaled

Answer 20

Tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume

Question 21

Total lung capacity=

? Capacity + r? Volume

Answer 21

Vital capacity + residual volume

Question 22

Partial pressure respiratory system:
Pulmonary gas exchange

         Alveolus        Pulmonary capillaries  o2 v ~ 10? mmhg     4? 

Co2 ^ ~ 40 4?

Answer 22

4, 40, 45

Question 23

Tissue gas exchange:

          Systemic capillary   Tissue cell  O2v ~    100                            4? 

Co2 ^ ~ 40 ?5

Answer 23

40, 45

Question 24

Partial pressure:

Gas= a mixture of individual gases. Each gas has a partial pressure that contributes to the overall gas pressure.

O2 = 20.? % of 7?0 mmhg = 15?mmhg 
Co2= 0.0? % of ?60 mmhg = ?.3 mmhg

Answer 24

9, 760, 159

.4, 760, 0

Question 25

Gases air is made of :

1. ? N2= 78.6%
2. ? O2= 20.?%
3. Argon ?? = 0.093%
4. ? Co2 = 0.0?
5. ? H2o + others = 0.367%

Atmospheric pressure sea level = ??0 mmhg

Answer 25

1. Nitrogen
2. Oxygen , 9
3. Ar
4. Carbon dioxide , 4
5. Water
   760