What is restictive lung disease

Question 1

what is the interstium of hte lung

Answer 1

ct, space around the airways and vessels and the space between the basement membranes of the alveolar walls.

Question 2

what are the cells responseibel for restictive lung dissdease

Answer 2

parenchymal

Question 3

what type of change in cells is seen I interstial lung diseaews

Answer 3

alvelar wal thickeing by interstila infiltrat3e

Question 4

what is the effect on the lungs of interstial lung disease

Answer 4

redued compliane, both fev1 and fvc reduced, normal fev1/fvc ratio, reduced gas transfer, ventilatio/ perfusion inbalance

Question 5

what are the symptoms of intersital lugn disease

Answer 5

shorternes of breath on exertation becoming shortnes of breath at rest

Question 6

what does intersial lung iaes look like on a chest xray

Answer 6

reduced no of anterior ribs visible

Question 7

what condition is result of a chronic response to interstial lung disese

Answer 7

diffuse alveolar damage (dad)

Question 8

what can cause diffuse alvelar damage

Answer 8

trauma, chemacl injhyry, circulary shock, drugs, infection including viruses e..g covid, audto immune disease, radiation

Question 9

what develops as a result of dad

Answer 9

first edema, then hyaline membarem which is replaced by interstil inflamation and then intersial fibrodis

Question 10

what does dads look like in histolgy

Answer 10

protien rich oedema, fibrin, hyaline membars, denuned basement membrane, epitheal proliferation, fibroblast proliferation, scarring,

Question 11

what is sarcoidosis

Answer 11

a multisystems granulomatous distorder of unkow aetilgoy, as part of a chronic responce

Question 12

what is the histopaty of sarcoidosis

Answer 12

epitheloid and gisant cell granulomas, necrosis , little lymphoid infiltrate, variable associated fibrosis

Question 13

which groups is sarcodosis most comon in

Answer 13

afterica american in usa

Question 14

which organs are most invoided in sarcoidses

Answer 14

lymp 100
lungs 90
spleen 75
liver - 70
skin 50
salaviary gland - up to 50

Question 15

what are normal signs of sarcododes

Answer 15

rash around shins (nodosum) joint pain , bi lateral lympadopathy , fever

Question 16

what cells are involed in sarcodosis

Answer 16

epitheloids, macrophages lymphoctes t cells

Question 17

what are teh symptons of pulmoary infliatra of sarcodios

Answer 17

cough, exertioal brathlessness and vague chest discomfort

Question 18

what si the inversigation of r sarcodoes

Answer 18

cxr, fbc for ameia, biopsy or ebus cytolgy, serum ca++, serum ace levels, lung fucntion test, cardicat test

Question 19

what is ace

Answer 19

a biomarker for damge to epithelum cells an increase in this signifies damage

Question 20

What is hpersentify pneumonits

Answer 20

an allergic reaction affecting the small airays and alveoil in response to an inhaled antigen or occasionally following ingestion of a cuastive drug

Question 21

are cigarette smokers more or less likely to develop hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Answer 21

less likley, due to increased antibody reactio to the antigne.

Question 22

what can cuase hypersentiify pneumois

Answer 22

fungi e.g spergillus sp
bird/ ainal protien form feases/ bloom
chemical
thermophilic actinomyctes - high temp aerobic bacteria

Question 23

what microogans cause farmers lung

Answer 23

therophillic actinoctes e..g mircopolyspora faeni or funcgi e..g. apergilluis umbrosus

Question 24

what are the sympones of acute hypersenitive pneumonitis

Answer 24

dysponea,k cough, chills initally after exposure, mlagica ,dry cough, fever, malise, chrakes, tachopea, wheeze

Question 25

what are teh symptons of chroncic hp

Answer 25

fingerclubbing, malaise, sob, cough, malaise, weight loss, crakces and wheeze

Question 26

what is the histology of hp

Answer 26

soft centainar epitheloid granulmata, intersil pneumotitis, fomary hiotcyt,s bronchites obliternas

Question 27

what type of hypersentigy is hp

Answer 27

3 and 4

Question 28

where does hp normally occur in the lungs

Answer 28

upper zone

Question 29

what is idiopathic fibrodise or unusal interial pneyonits

Answer 29

progessige and often fatla disea of undkown cuases, wher fibrois and honey combing occur in some area

Question 30

what caaseses uip

Answer 30

ct dieae, durg greaction, ;post infeciton, asbestods

Question 31

what are teh sympotsn of uip

Answer 31

cough, sputum, dysponea, bi lateral crackes , hyperteins, pnumoathx, pulmonary embolis, intercurrent infrciton,k

Question 32

what is the differitial digaes ofr uip

Answer 32

another interstl lung diease

Question 33

what test are used for uip

Answer 33

cxr, increased showdiog, hrct 0 increaed abnomarlies at bases, broinciea, honey cominig, bronchal lavage, hislogic, respfucntio test

Question 34

how long do peoplelive with uip

Answer 34

2- 5 years

Question 35

what is the treatet for uit

Answer 35

pirfenidone and nintedanib

Question 36

what is most likely to have end stage fibories

Answer 36

uip