Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory System > COPD clinical features and treatment > Flashcards

COPD clinical features and treatment Flashcards

1
Q

is copd reversible

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what effect does emphyseam have on alveoi

A

damages surface making it less able to pass air
separates alveli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the effect on broncitis

A

increased about of mucous and inflamed broncail tube wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is prevalce

A

no of peopl in population with the condition each year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is incidence

A

no. of new people with the disease over a set period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what gender does copd mainly effect

A

males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what occupations are most at risk from copd

A

ariculte, brick making, mining, constuction, dock workers, flour and grain workers in the food industry, petroleum works, rubber, plastics,stone masonry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

are larger or smaller lungs more supeiclbe to copd

A

smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are common causes of copd

A

chroinc bronchitis, lower social eachion status, asthma, childhood infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

elastase

A

released by neutiophils in lungs in repsoe to chemical from cigarette smoke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is teh functino of aat

A

alpha 1 antitrypisin is a protese inhibtroy proded by the liver and reduces the damage of cigarette smoke, some people can have deficies in it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what other disdse can a lack of aat cause

A

liver fibrois or cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what percent of smokers deveolp copd during their lifetime if they smoke for more than 25 years

A

25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the fletcher peto curve

A

descibres that your fev can still stop declig at accelerated rate at any point if you stop smoking, you will never get your lost fev back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are commonsymtons of copd

A

couggh, breathlessness, sputum, wheezing ( bronchoitis), frequent chest infections,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are other symptons of copd

A

weight loss ( emysema) , fatique and swolen ankles (in bronchitis), use of expresity musles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what effect can smoking during pregnacy have on the child

A

feotal lung growth and primingy of immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is jvp and is it seen more in

A

raised jugular pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is teh mmrc breathlessness scale

A

puts someone on the scale of how easily they become breathlessnes, where the 0 is most people, ( strenough exercise) and the 4 is not able to leave house due to being breathlessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the 4 level of spiromy for copd

A

1 - mild - fev` above 80%
2- moderate - fev
3 - severe - fev 30- 40
four. v. severe - fev less than 30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what features of a chest x ray are seen with a patient with copd

A

vascular hilda enlarged , hyper inflatoin of lungs, bulla (empysema) , small heart, flat diaphram

22
Q

do copd symptons cahnge ever

A

no generaly same throgh day and night, can be worse with flair ups

23
Q

what age is copd normaly common

A

when aged over 35 years

24
Q

what is the level of kco and dl like in copd

A

the retention of kco is reduced in copd due reduced surface area of alveoi

25
Q

what may be seen in hrct

A

in high resolution computer tomocgrutoin , may see :
lung cysts,
signets rigns signs
traction bronchiectasis
centriobular emphysesam
honey combing

26
Q

what symptons should you admit someone with copd exacerbations to hospital

A

severe breathlessnes, poor general condition, cynanois, confined to bed, oedeam worseing, imared consciousness, acute confusion, rapid rate of onset, co morbilties, sa02 less than 90

27
Q

what could cause exerbations

A

viral infections, pneothaors, trama

28
Q

what tests canbe done in hospitals for copd parties who are admitted with exacerbations

A

crx (genetic test), blood gases, fbc, uand e (urea and electrolites) , sputum culture, vts (phycological test)

29
Q

what is the treatment for copd in hospital

A

nebuliser bronchodilator (b2 and anti muscarinic), oxygen, oral /iv cortiocstiod and antibitions

30
Q

what could hand flapping when upright mean

A

reduced 02 and posible increaesd co2

31
Q

what is cor pulmonary

A

increase in size of the right side o the heart as a result of severe copd

32
Q

what is secondary polycythaemia

A

over production of erthoyctes and hameoglobing,

33
Q

what is the consequces of polycythaemia

A

increased blood viscoisty

34
Q

what are clincal feautes of cor pulmonale

A

tachycardica, oedematous, rasied jvp, congested liver, right axis devaiotn, p pulmonale, t wave inversio, pulmonary hypertension, triuspin reguritation

35
Q

what is generl criteria for bronchtis

A

chough of 3 moths or more for 2 years

36
Q

what are typical symptons of emyseam and typical symptoms of bronitoiits

A

emyseam- queiet cheest, severe dysteam, thin, flatedn diathran and hyper inflated lungs on x-ray
Bronchioitis - overweight, elevated haemoglobin, periphealed edema, wheezing

37
Q

what does pulonary hypertenio cuase

A

decreased output of left side of heart due to reduced blood flow to the area

38
Q

main non pharmolical managmets of copd

A

smoking cessation
vaccinations
pulmonary rehab
nutritional assesments
psychological support
exercise totlerece,
nutrietion

39
Q

what vaccines are best for copd

A

flu, pneuococcal

40
Q

what are saba

A

short acting beta agonists e.g. salbutamol

41
Q

what are sama

A

short acting muscalinic antagonisti (e.g. ipratroium)

42
Q

what are lama

A

long acting anti muscaling agents e.g. umeclidium and tioprium

43
Q

what are laba

A

long acting beta agonists e..g salmeterol

44
Q

what are high does corticosteriods

A

relvar e..g fluticasone and vilanterol
and fostair e..g mdi

45
Q

what is teh first steps for premodily breathlessnes

A

saba
then lama
then
lama + laba

46
Q

what are teh steps for copd with exacerbations and breathlessnes

A

saba and lama
then laba as wel
then ics on top

47
Q

what are the criteria for long term oxygne

A

long term oxygne pa02 less than 57 mm hg unlss you are polycyateic, nocutral hypotex, peripah uldema or pulpuor hypertension than it is less than 60 mm hg

48
Q

what steriods can be used for copd

A

prednisolne

49
Q

what medication is used for pallitive care

A

morphine

50
Q
A

Respiratory System (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions