Pleura Flashcards
what layer is the outer pleura
parental
what layer is the inner pleura
visceral
what cwll are int he pleural fluid
macrophages, lymphocytes, mesothelial
what is the fuction of te pleural fludi
filtration
what colour is normal pleural fluid
straw coloured
where is the most negative aspect of the plural fluid
apex
pnemothroax
collection of air
pleural effusoin
collection of fluid
pleural malignacy turmor name
mesothelida
hyrdopneumothorax
air and water in plerual fluid
hemothroax
blood in plerual fluid
what is transudate fluid
low protien contenet
what is exudate floud
hight protin condent of 3g/dl
which is inflmatory exudate or transudate fluid
exudate
what is the most common transudate cause in the lungs
left venticular faliure, liver fibrisions,
what are rarer cuaes of transudate increase in the lungs
hyproalumieame, peritneal dialysis, hypothrodiism, nephrotic syndrom, mrial stenosis
what are common causes of exudate increse in the lungs
tb, malignacy, paraneumoic effusion and emyeema
what are less commmon causes of exudates
pulmonnary embolism, ct disease, being asbestos plura effusion, pancreaits, post myocaridal infration, post coronary artery bypass gratft, hameothorax, chlothroax
what are the 3 ways to detect plureal effusion
ultra sound, cxr, ct of thorax
what is teh benifit of a ultra sound to diagnose a pleral effusion
it can be done at the patients bedside
what tests can be done on pleral fluid
ph using abg, biochemistry, microbilogy, cytology
what does a pleral fluid with a ph of less than 7.2 mean
pus or blood in hte sample
what is a primary spontanous pnumoatha
air leaks into the pluear space form lungs with no conditions present
what is a sencondary pneumothorax
air leaks into lungs with a conditoins such as copd astma, intersital lung disease or cf present
what is a latrogneic pneumothrorax
pneumothar that accidlety occurds during a medical procedure such as a biopsy
what is a tension pneumothorax
where the air causes a lung to collapse and the trachae shits away from the collapsed lung, this cause bp to drop in the threat, this can be fixed with a chest needle
who are most produe to tension pneumothoar
young thin tall men, and those with underling lung diesae
what is the symptons of a tension pnumaroa
chest pain and breathlessness
what are teh symptons of a pneumothorax
hypoxic, tachypneic, redued chest wall movement and reduced or no breath sounds
what ar the ways to diagnose a pneumothorax
cxr, us, ct thorsax
what is the treatment for pneumothorax
chest wal drain insertion
where can you add a pleral drain
2nd intercostal space, mid clavicualr line
what are is the most comon pleaur tumor
mesothelioma
where does a mesothelim originate from
asbestion, which causes infmlaation in lungs
what are teh signs of a mesothelioma
chest pain, breathlesness, weight loss, clubbed, signs of a pleural effusion
what is the diagnosis of a pleaur mesothlioma
cxr, pleraul effusion, plerual based mass
what treatment is there for plearu mesothelioma
little, sometimes chemothery, often pallative care
