Respiration 4 Flashcards
ventilation
air getting to alveoli
perfusion
air getting to the tissue
Is blood pressure or ventilation higher at the base of the lung?
blood pressure
At the apex of the lung is blood pressure or ventilation higher?
ventilation
at what point in teh lung does ventilation and perfusion natulary reach equiliburm
rib 3
what declines faster blood flow or venaltion
blood flow
what percent of the lung preforms the correct ventilation to profusion ratio without other help
about 75%
what mechanism happens if blood flow is better than ventalation
decreaesd blood flow to that area an will move to an area with less blood flow
what happens if ventaltion is greater than bloodflow
increaseed blood flow to area due to vasco dilation
shunt
passage of blood through an area of lung that is poorly ventalated
areloare dead space
an alveoi that is ventalated but not perfused with blood
physilog dead space
aveloiar dead space + anatomical dead space
what happesn do heart reate during inspiration
increases
what happens to heart rate during expiration
decreased
why does heart rate change during breathing
otherwise alveolar deadspace would increase during inspiration and shunt would increase during exspiration, so maintains constant perfusion
how much 02 is dissolved in plasma per liter
3ml
how much 02 is disleved into haemoglovib per liter
197ml
how mcuh of c02 is transported in plasma and in haemoglobing
77% plasma, 23% haemoglobin
how much oxygen is used perminute by cells
how much oxygen is delivered to each cells per min
250 ml/min
1000ml/min
how many oxygen molues does 1 haemoglobin carry
4
what are the 3 componiati of haemolgobin
2 a chain
2 b chain
4 heme gropus
what does teh heme grpu contain
a fe2+ ion
how long does saturation take of haemogloigin
0.25s of the 1 s it is incontact
how does the oxygen get to the haemoglobin
dissolves into plasma than pased ot the plasma, dissolved into it
what happens to hamogbin saturati as you decrase oxygen pressure
small change inital til baout 40% than a very large change
anaemia
compromise to carrying cappacity of the blood
does po2 change in anaemia
no, as long as the totla cell no stays the same
what factors affect the dissocatio curve of oxgygen
ph, co2, temp. dpg
how does … affect the dissocaotion curve
a. ph
b. temp
c. conc. of co2
d. dpg
a. ph increased - increased affinity for 02, ph decreased, reduced affinity for 02 binding to haemoglobin
b. temp increased, decreased affinity for 02, temp decreased increased affinity for 02
c. pco2 increased decreased affinity for 02, decreased pc02 increased affinity for 02
d.dpg - affinity of haemoglobin decreased by increased dpg, helps to
dpg role
2,3 diphosphoglycerate , its syntesied by erythocytes, it is increased when there is low blood supply due to heart/lung disease or high alitidue
how many times greater is teh affity of CO compared with o2
250times greater
what is the treatement for co
100% 02
signs of co poisioning
amaemia, nausia, hyposix, cherry red skin and mucous memanes, normal respiation rate to normal co2 levels
what perent of c02 is dissovled in the plasma
7
what percent of c02 binds with haemoglobin and where does it occur
23 in eryotyces
What happens to the remaining c02 that does not bind with haemoglobin or is dissolved in plasma
Binds with h20 in the erythrocytes, and forms carbonic acids, it then removes h+ to form bicarbonate acid, the cl- ions replace the bicarbonate and the h+ binds to remain haemoglobin. This then all happens in reverse
What is the main form of haemoglobin?
hba (92%)
what is hba2
delta reapace b chain
What is HDF
gamma chain replace b chainS
what are hba1a, hba1b and hba 1c
glycosylated hb
What is myoglobin
It only has one polypeptide chain, found in cardiac and skeletal muscle
5 types of hypoxia
hypoxaemic reduced o2 to lungs
, anaemic reduced the ability of blood to carry oxygen
, stagnant reduced cardiac output
, histotoxic posing stopping cells from using oxygen delivered, e.g. carbon monoxide
, metabolic oxygen delivered to tissues to meet increased oxygen demand by cells
What is the difference between arterial partial pressure and arterial 02 content?
partial pressure is the pressure exerted by the oxygen on the blood, , arterial 02 content amount of o2 in 100ml of blood
Can gas travel in a gaseous stage in blood?
No, air bubbles will form.
