TB Flashcards
Which social economic group are most at risk of tb
those who are most deprived
what is the realationshoip of tb incidena snd undernurismetn
increase in undernurishment increase in tb
where are most tb cases from
abroad and certain burrows of london
china, bangledishe, nigheria, congo, nigheria, pakastian, philipies, indoinnaea
which health conditionw make you morke likely to have tb
diabties, hiv positive, immunosupprested
what is the second most common signle infective agent to cause death world wide
tb, covid first
what bacteria is responsible for tb
mycobacteria - this includes, m. tuberculosis, m africanum, m bovis
what other diease can mycobactira cause
leprosy and non tb mycobactira and atuypial mycoabction
is mycobactira aeorbic or anerobic
aerobic
what special function does the cel wal have of mycobacteria
very thick so it is resibant to ascids, alkalas and degenr,s resitnat to nejupoils and macrophage desticuion
how does tb spread
airborned
how to reduced airborne bactreia
uv radioan
how long do you need to typically be exposed to airborne tb to catch it
8 hours
what tyep of effector caells react to tb
TH1 immune cells
what does the th1 immune cell do
triggers mracophage activaation
what happens aftr the marcophage is formed
it turns into a eptheoild cell which is a granuloma
what do the epithlod cells turn into
langhans giant cells
what are the probemsl with th1 cell mediated respone
it causes tissue destcuciont
how does tb spread
vis lympathic to hilary lympodes
can you tell if the idseas is contiaed or cleared
no
what happens to the primary inection in tb
it can progress to tb bronchopneumia
what is tuberculosi bronchipnumoa
where priary tb proges to it
what are the results of tb bronchopnmhisp
caviatyion, enlarged hilary lymph compres bronchi - leading to lobar collapse
enlaryed lymph nose dischaes into bronchus
what is miliary tb look like
a millet seed on an autopys this deglps and spreads to multiple organs
what is the restl of miliary tb
can spread to cns in 10- 30% of cases
see fine mlolin on x-ray
whgat is the post primary diseas stage of tb
tb enerer doramatn latent stage, or balace of replicant and destiucion by immune cells
how long does milary tb take to develop
5- 12 months
when does post primary diseae often occur
1- 5 year after - u p to 40 years
what are the symphotns of tb
cough , fver, night sweats, weight loss
what are some of the tests for tb
unable crp and esr
cxr,
sputm coulbr
bronchipsy with ball
ebus
lumbar punctin in cns tb
urine in urogient tb
apart bipsy form tisues
when should a ct be considered for tb
norma cxr hbut clian ysuspication, miliary tb, cavitaiotn and other differtaion, lymphadopahy, targes for bal
what are signs on a chest xr for tb
medial synapth lympahoty , pulmary effusion, millary
what does post primary tb look like on a cxr
fluffy upper noduyle space, lyjmphadopy
what drus are used to trate tb
isonizid, pyrazinamide, rifampicin and ethambutol
what happens if you single agent treat tb
leads to multop drug resiant oransim
how long is tb ttherapy
6 monts
what tests whoucl be done before the onset of tb thearapy
hiv, hep b and c
which drugs are taken for 2 mots
isonizid, pyrazinamdie, rifapicin and ethambutol
what durgs are tkaen for the last 4 months
isoniazid and rifampicin
what supplemts whoud be taken during tb
vitamen b 6 - pyridoxine - redues risk of nerupath
sertorisds, - pericarial and for millary tb
vitament d subitution
what are the side effects of rifapicin
orange urine/ leatrs, incudes liver enzymes * perdinsol and anticonvulsants)
makes all hormoal contrasipie ineffecive
risk of hep
what is the risk of isoniazid
hep
preipahl nerupiay ( reduced iwhth pryidoxine b6)
what is the risk of pyrazinamide
gout , hep
what isthe risk of ethanbutol
opitical neruapthy
who gets bcg
all whose are bron in a cought with incied of tb great tna 40/100000
who shouod be screend for latent tb
those with active pulmonary or lyangeal tb less than 65 due to the hepatotxicity risk - chest xray
over 66 should have chest xry to rule out active tb only
new entrants fromhigh rsik areas
tnf alpha inhibtirs
what screeing is doe for laent tb
cxr, mantoux skin test or interferon gamma relase assay blood test
what is the diagnos for latent tb
noralr chxr, postive igra, asympocnatic
