Pathology of obstuctilve lung disease Flashcards
what type of hypersensitivity is astma
1
what cells are responsible for an astma attack
mast
what defincity makes you more suspecepitle to bronchitei and empyseam
aplah - 1 antiporase - antrypsin
what is the clincal definition for chronci bronchitis
cough producitve of pspum most days in at least 3 consequctim months for 2 or more consecutive years
what change does broncitis cause in large and small aiway
large airways, mough gland hyperplaia, goblet cell hyperplasia, inlmation and fibrosis is a minor complone
small airway, increase in goblet cells, inflatm and fibrosis
what is emphysema
destuction of teh bronchile walls or dilationi of the bricon to increase airsawpce between ternal bonchiloes
centriacinar ephyiam
damage to lung tisssues concentrated around respiarty bonciles yet presergin disalt alvelar duct and alveoli
panacinar emphysema
associated with a1 antitrypsin decion, this destruction affect the whole acinus
acinus
part of the lung contain aveloar duct, sac and blood vessels in the area and alveli
Pericinar emphyseam
creasts a bulla, a large bulk under teh pleura, it is assoicaed with enlargment of the airspace at the edge of the acinar unit
what does smoing cause to antiproseaw
an inbalacne due to increased amounts of it
function of alpha 1 antiryspin
stops the breasdoin of eleastic proti by elastase In the lung. this prevent neurophils from damaging the lung when there is lots of infection
what is refersibel in copd
the smooth musle tone and inflmation
why does hypoxaemia occur in cop
reduced respiraty drive, loss of alelar sace, shunt
why do vessles constict in cop
due to lack of airflwo, this means that there is pulmonary hypertension in the lungs
core pulmonale
increase in the right side of the heart due to pulmonary hyperentions
what is a secondary effect of pulmary hpertnesion
polycythaemeae
functio of anti elasetea
stops proudcion of elasate which breaks donw lung in copd
what is a primary micocoraction pathogneicty
it can infect anyone
what is a opportuinst microorganism
it can only infected the immonsuppred
what is a faculative microorganis
infect people with preexisting diseases such as asthma
what cuases epiglottist
h influeza type a
what cauases secondary epiglottitis
beta haemolytic streptococci
what is the role of teh macrophage mucocilary escalator system
to raise up dust particels and remove them from the lungs
what cell clears the lung of debri
marcophages
what can pnumoia cause
loss of cytopatic effect and muscoicllary escalation and bronchial epithelium defence cells
what is aspirating pneumoina
where after being sick air regurating gut comensuat enter the lung
what are the atatomica classifcation of pneumonjia
bronchopneumonia, segmental and lobal
what is hydrostaic pneumoa
edema at the bottom of the lungs
what are the complications of pneumonia
absess, bronchiectatis, organsional issues such as constivive bronchaties or cryptogenic organising pneumonia
what is airflow in the nose
laminar or turbulent
what is normal pa02
10.5 - 13.5 kpa
what is noramal co2
4.8- 6
what is type 1 failure
less than 8ka
what is type 2 resp failure
greater than 6.5 kpa
what are the 4 abnormal states associaed wit hypoxemia
ventilation perusion inbalane
diffusion impairment
alveolar hypoventilation
shunt
what is ventilation perfusion mismatich
not enough ventation for blood in sysem
whta is noral ventail perfusio ration
4litre / 5
shunt
passage of blood from right side of heart to left side without contacting ventilated alveoli
hypoxaemia
low conc of o2 in the blood
what disease cuase ventilation perfusson mis match
bronchitis, broncholitis, bronhcopneueis, copd
what diesase cause shunt in pneumonai
severe brnchopneumonia, lobar pattern with large areas of consolidation
what diease cuase hypoventialation
copd, opiade poisint, perifal nerve damage
