Respiratory Physiology 2

Question 1

inspiration reserve volume , size and place

Answer 1

about 3 litres, maximum intake from full tidal

Question 2

tidal volume size and function

Answer 2

500ml, average breathing amount

Question 3

inspiration capacity size and function

Answer 3

the total amount available to breathe in without exhaling fully first, is 3500ml, this includes tidal an inspiration reserve volume

Question 4

expiration reserve volume, size and function

Answer 4

amount able to respire, about 1100 ml

Question 5

vital capacitance size and function

Answer 5

Total lung volume able to breath in and out, 4.6 liters (tidal volume +inspiration reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume)

Question 6

functional residual capacity size and function

Answer 6

Remaining lung capacity below tidal includes residual volume and expiratory reserve volume, about 1300ml

Question 7

residual lung volume size and function

Answer 7

The remainder of the lung that cannot be exhaled, about 1200 ml

Question 8

What is dead space volume, and how much of there is

Answer 8

150ml, air not able to be exchanged

Question 10

Total lung volume size and function

Answer 10

vital capacitance+ residual volume about 5.8 l

Question 11

pleural cavity

Answer 11

a very fin fluid filled sac that completely surrounds the lungs, about 3ml

Question 12

visceral pleura

Answer 12

part of the plural membrane that is attached to the lungs

Question 13

parietal pleura

Answer 13

Part of the membrane is attached to the exterior chest.

Question 14

pneumothrax

Answer 14

whole in the plura, often caused by trauma, this lets air run in causing the rlung to collapse due to the outside pressure now equalling the lungs pressure , as the elastic rib mule cannot keep the chest open and pull it outwary

Question 15

Boyles law

Answer 15

pressure is inversely proportional to the volume for a gas p = 1/v

Question 16

dalton’s law

Answer 16

total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the indivula pressures

Question 17

charles law

Answer 17

voume occupied by a gas is direcly related to the absolute temperature

Question 18

henry;s law

Answer 18

amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is determined by the pressure of the gas and its solubility

Question 19

what happens to pressure when the volume is increased and when the volume decreased according to Boyles law

Answer 19

A. - incrassed voume - reduced pressure
b. decresed volume incrased pressure

Question 20

What musles are used for expiration

Answer 20

internal intercostal muscles, and abdominal muscles and internal obliquews

Question 21

what muscles are normally used for inspiration

Answer 21

diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

Question 22

what muscles are heavy loads of inspiration

Answer 22

sternoclaviclemastoid, Sclane, abdonimal musles

Question 23

what 2 action are done on th ribs when breating

Answer 23

lifted up by bucket handle motion to increase lateral dimetion
Pump handle motion to increase anterior-posterior dimensions

Question 24

Intra thoracic pressure function and positive or negative

Answer 24

pressure inside thoracic cacity, can be either positive or negative

Question 25

intrapleural pressure function and positive or negative

Answer 25

pressure inside plural cavity normally negative

Question 25

transplumary pressure calcuation and positve or negative

Answer 25

positive, difference between avelorar and intra pluar pressure == palv= p IP

Question 26

what factors effect breathing

Answer 26

the bulk airflow, this effect sthe airawys resistance

Question 27

what is teh role of surfacant

Answer 27

to reduce the suracfe tension on the aveloi stopping it form colapinsg

Question 28

what type of aveloi cell is a surfacent

Answer 28

type 2

Question 29

distensibility

Answer 29

How easy it is for the lungs to open

Question 30

is surfactant more effective in small alveoli or large alveoli?

Answer 30

small

Question 31

How does surfactant work

Answer 31

Reduce the surface tension of water in memorable, making it less prone to collapse.

Question 32

What is the law of la place and calculation?

Answer 32

States that pressure is greater in the smaller aveolis, p =2t/r

Question 33

How is law of laplace overcome?

Answer 33

Increase the amount of surfactant.

Question 33

Is air or saline easier to get into lungs?

Answer 33

saline

Question 34

What is compliance?

Answer 34

Change in volume relative to pressure, how much relative change in volume there is relative to how much change there is in pressure

Question 35

What is high compliance and low compliance?

Answer 35

high - large change in volume for little increase in pressure
low - small change in volume for a large change in pressure

Question 36

how to reduce alveoli surface tension

Answer 36

surfactant

Question 36

when is surfactnat produced in infarntw

Answer 36

between weeks 24 and 25