Respiratory Physiology 2 Flashcards
inspiration reserve volume , size and place
about 3 litres, maximum intake from full tidal
tidal volume size and function
500ml, average breathing amount
inspiration capacity size and function
the total amount available to breathe in without exhaling fully first, is 3500ml, this includes tidal an inspiration reserve volume
expiration reserve volume, size and function
amount able to respire, about 1100 ml
vital capacitance size and function
Total lung volume able to breath in and out, 4.6 liters (tidal volume +inspiration reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume)
functional residual capacity size and function
Remaining lung capacity below tidal includes residual volume and expiratory reserve volume, about 1300ml
residual lung volume size and function
The remainder of the lung that cannot be exhaled, about 1200 ml
What is dead space volume, and how much of there is
150ml, air not able to be exchanged
Total lung volume size and function
vital capacitance+ residual volume about 5.8 l
pleural cavity
a very fin fluid filled sac that completely surrounds the lungs, about 3ml
visceral pleura
part of the plural membrane that is attached to the lungs
parietal pleura
Part of the membrane is attached to the exterior chest.
pneumothrax
whole in the plura, often caused by trauma, this lets air run in causing the rlung to collapse due to the outside pressure now equalling the lungs pressure , as the elastic rib mule cannot keep the chest open and pull it outwary
Boyles law
pressure is inversely proportional to the volume for a gas p = 1/v
dalton’s law
total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the indivula pressures
charles law
voume occupied by a gas is direcly related to the absolute temperature
henry;s law
amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is determined by the pressure of the gas and its solubility
what happens to pressure when the volume is increased and when the volume decreased according to Boyles law
A. - incrassed voume - reduced pressure
b. decresed volume incrased pressure
What musles are used for expiration
internal intercostal muscles, and abdominal muscles and internal obliquews
what muscles are normally used for inspiration
diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
what muscles are heavy loads of inspiration
sternoclaviclemastoid, Sclane, abdonimal musles
what 2 action are done on th ribs when breating
lifted up by bucket handle motion to increase lateral dimetion
Pump handle motion to increase anterior-posterior dimensions
Intra thoracic pressure function and positive or negative
pressure inside thoracic cacity, can be either positive or negative
intrapleural pressure function and positive or negative
pressure inside plural cavity normally negative
transplumary pressure calcuation and positve or negative
positive, difference between avelorar and intra pluar pressure == palv= p IP
what factors effect breathing
the bulk airflow, this effect sthe airawys resistance
what is teh role of surfacant
to reduce the suracfe tension on the aveloi stopping it form colapinsg
what type of aveloi cell is a surfacent
type 2
distensibility
How easy it is for the lungs to open
is surfactant more effective in small alveoli or large alveoli?
small
How does surfactant work
Reduce the surface tension of water in memorable, making it less prone to collapse.
What is the law of la place and calculation?
States that pressure is greater in the smaller aveolis, p =2t/r
How is law of laplace overcome?
Increase the amount of surfactant.
Is air or saline easier to get into lungs?
saline
What is compliance?
Change in volume relative to pressure, how much relative change in volume there is relative to how much change there is in pressure
What is high compliance and low compliance?
high - large change in volume for little increase in pressure
low - small change in volume for a large change in pressure
how to reduce alveoli surface tension
surfactant
when is surfactnat produced in infarntw
between weeks 24 and 25
