Pathology of lung neoplasia

Question 1

Which cancer kills the most people

Answer 1

lung

Question 2

what percent of smokers get lung cancer

Answer 2

10%

Question 3

What groups risk of lung cancer is increased more by smoking

Answer 3

males

Question 4

What type of lung cancer does polyeyclic aromatic hydrocarbons cause

Answer 4

Squamous cell - in the bronchal of the lung

Question 5

what type of cancer does n Nitrosomaites cause

Answer 5

adenocarcinoma - in the peripheral of ht elug

Question 6

what cells turn into adenocarcinooma

Answer 6

bronchialveoar epitheal stem cells

Question 7

what cells turn into squamou cell carcinoma

Answer 7

bronchial epitheal stem cells

Question 8

how common are carcinod tumors

Answer 8

very rare

Question 9

what are some rare tumors of he broncal glands

Answer 9

adenoid cystic carcinonma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, beign adenomas

Question 10

What is a feature in the histology of squamous cell carinomca

Answer 10

swirling centre mass of keratin pearl formation

Question 11

What is a featurea of the histology of adenocarcinoma

Answer 11

glandular formation

Question 12

what are some local effects of lung cancer as a result of broncial obstuction

Answer 12

bronchail obstuction which leads to a collapesed lung, infection/ absess, endogeaou lipoid pluaoia, bonchicatais

Question 13

what are some local effects of lung cancer as a result of pleura

Answer 13

inflamation and malignant

Question 14

what are some local effects of lung cancer as a result of direct invasion

Answer 14

chst wall invasion
nerves - phrenci - diaphramtic paralysis
left recurrent laryngeal - haoras voice, bovine cough
brcail plexus - pancoast t1 damage
cervical sympathice - horners syndrome
mediastim, svc and pericardium

Question 15

what is horners syndrome

Answer 15

a condition marked by a contracted pupil, drooping upper eyelid, and local inability to sweat on one side of the face, caused by damage to sympathetic nerves on that side of the neck.

Question 16

what is pancoasat t1 damge

Answer 16

a tumor at the apex of the lung that invades nearby ribs and tissue

Question 17

what type of cancer is a pancoat tumor

Answer 17

non small cell lung cancer

Question 18

what are the effects of lymph node meatatis

Answer 18

mass efffect, lymphagitis carcinomatosa

Question 19

where can the disat metatsic of lung cancer often be

Answer 19

liver, adreansl ,bone ,brain, skini

Question 20

What are the skeltal non metastatic effects

Answer 20

clubbing

Question 21

What are some of the endocroin effects of lung cancer

Answer 21

incrase ach, adh and pht
carinooid syndrome
gynecoastia

Question 22

what is carcinoid syndrome

Answer 22

auses redness or a feeling of warmth in your face and neck (skin flushing), chronic diarrhea, and difficulty breathing,as a result of the tumor secreting into the blood stream.

Question 23

What si teh neuraoloica non metatic effectos of lung cancer

Answer 23

polyneuropathy, encephalopathy, cerebellar degreation, myasthenia

Question 24

what are soem of the cutatioys effects of lung cancer

Answer 24

acanthois nigricans
dermtomyotiss

Question 25

what art some of the heamotlicy effectsof lung cancer

Answer 25

granulocytois, eoisphillia, dic

Question 26

what are some of the cardiovacualr effects of lungcancer

Answer 26

thromboplemitis migrans

Question 27

what are some of the renal effects of lung cancer

Answer 27

nephroitc syndorme

Question 28

wehat arethe two main syings of non metalti effects in lung cancer

Answer 28

finger clubbing and hpoa - hyper tropic pulomary osteoarthropathys ( inflation in bones and joints

Question 29

Of whcih endocrine does small cell increate - ACTH, siadh or pth

Answer 29

ACTH and siADH

Question 30

What does adenocaringom increas in ACTH, siadh or pth

Answer 30

pth

Question 31

what are the investigations for lung cancer

Answer 31

cxr,
sputum cytology,
bronchoscopy,: bronchial biopsy, bronchial brushing and washings, endobronchial us guided aspirations
transthoracic needles aspiration
transthoracic core biopsy
pleural effusion and cytology biopsy
ct
mir
pet

Question 32

what percent of patients in scotland get operations for lung cancer

Answer 32

about 10%

Question 33

which is more survivable small cell or non small el

Answer 33

higher survial rate in nosn samll cell

Question 34

what isthe main smoking induced oncode mutation

Answer 34

Kras

Question 35

what is the role fothe pd1/ pdl1 moleus

Answer 35

leads to the immune cells being swiched off and the tomour is not killed by the immune cells