Pathology of lung neoplasia Flashcards
Which cancer kills the most people
lung
what percent of smokers get lung cancer
10%
What groups risk of lung cancer is increased more by smoking
males
What type of lung cancer does polyeyclic aromatic hydrocarbons cause
Squamous cell - in the bronchal of the lung
what type of cancer does n Nitrosomaites cause
adenocarcinoma - in the peripheral of ht elug
what cells turn into adenocarcinooma
bronchialveoar epitheal stem cells
what cells turn into squamou cell carcinoma
bronchial epitheal stem cells
how common are carcinod tumors
very rare
what are some rare tumors of he broncal glands
adenoid cystic carcinonma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, beign adenomas
What is a feature in the histology of squamous cell carinomca
swirling centre mass of keratin pearl formation
What is a featurea of the histology of adenocarcinoma
glandular formation
what are some local effects of lung cancer as a result of broncial obstuction
bronchail obstuction which leads to a collapesed lung, infection/ absess, endogeaou lipoid pluaoia, bonchicatais
what are some local effects of lung cancer as a result of pleura
inflamation and malignant
what are some local effects of lung cancer as a result of direct invasion
chst wall invasion
nerves - phrenci - diaphramtic paralysis
left recurrent laryngeal - haoras voice, bovine cough
brcail plexus - pancoast t1 damage
cervical sympathice - horners syndrome
mediastim, svc and pericardium
what is horners syndrome
a condition marked by a contracted pupil, drooping upper eyelid, and local inability to sweat on one side of the face, caused by damage to sympathetic nerves on that side of the neck.
what is pancoasat t1 damge
a tumor at the apex of the lung that invades nearby ribs and tissue
what type of cancer is a pancoat tumor
non small cell lung cancer
what are the effects of lymph node meatatis
mass efffect, lymphagitis carcinomatosa
where can the disat metatsic of lung cancer often be
liver, adreansl ,bone ,brain, skini
What are the skeltal non metastatic effects
clubbing
What are some of the endocroin effects of lung cancer
incrase ach, adh and pht
carinooid syndrome
gynecoastia
what is carcinoid syndrome
auses redness or a feeling of warmth in your face and neck (skin flushing), chronic diarrhea, and difficulty breathing,as a result of the tumor secreting into the blood stream.
What si teh neuraoloica non metatic effectos of lung cancer
polyneuropathy, encephalopathy, cerebellar degreation, myasthenia
what are soem of the cutatioys effects of lung cancer
acanthois nigricans
dermtomyotiss
what art some of the heamotlicy effectsof lung cancer
granulocytois, eoisphillia, dic
what are some of the cardiovacualr effects of lungcancer
thromboplemitis migrans
what are some of the renal effects of lung cancer
nephroitc syndorme
wehat arethe two main syings of non metalti effects in lung cancer
finger clubbing and hpoa - hyper tropic pulomary osteoarthropathys ( inflation in bones and joints
Of whcih endocrine does small cell increate - ACTH, siadh or pth
ACTH and siADH
What does adenocaringom increas in ACTH, siadh or pth
pth
what are the investigations for lung cancer
cxr,
sputum cytology,
bronchoscopy,: bronchial biopsy, bronchial brushing and washings, endobronchial us guided aspirations
transthoracic needles aspiration
transthoracic core biopsy
pleural effusion and cytology biopsy
ct
mir
pet
what percent of patients in scotland get operations for lung cancer
about 10%
which is more survivable small cell or non small el
higher survial rate in nosn samll cell
what isthe main smoking induced oncode mutation
Kras
what is the role fothe pd1/ pdl1 moleus
leads to the immune cells being swiched off and the tomour is not killed by the immune cells
