Respiratory physiology 3 Flashcards
ventelation ( broad term)
air in and out of lungs (breathing)
pulmonary ventilation
total air into and out of the lungs in l/min
alveolar ventilatoin
total air into and out of the alveoli in l/min
ammount of dead air space
150ml
what is the normal tidal volume rate of a person
A. normal
B. Anxious
C. very relaxed
A. 500
B . 300
C. 750
what is the normal breathing rate of a person
A. normal
B. Anxious
C. very relaxed
a. 12
b. 20
c.8
how to calculate total pulimatry ventailation
respiritory rate times ml
how to cacluare air intake to alveoli intake in ml
tidal - dead space
how to calcular alevolar venlation
air to alvevloi times respiratory rate
hypo ventilatoin
low aveloar respiartion, as a ressult of rapid breathing with small tidal volume
hyper ventilation
high aveloar rate, resultof large tidal volume and low respiratory rate
partial pressure
the pressure of a given gas taken from a larger volume of gases e.g. only oxgyen pressure from air pressure
what is normal alvelolar partial pressure of p02
100
what is normal aveloar pressure of pc02
40
normal pressure for p02 and pco2 during hyperventalation
p02, 120
pc02 20
normal pressure for p02 and pco2 during hypoventalation
po2, 30, pco2 100
is compliance lower at base or apex of the lungs and why
apex, due to the lungs being more inflated at function residual capacity (expiratory reserve volume + residual volume)
what artery supplie the lungs with blood with oxygenated blood for its survival
bronchial artery
what is the pressure of blood in the lungs and what is it in the rest of the systematic circulation
25/10 mmhg
120/80mmhg
What is ht pressure of the co2 and o2 in the alveoi
po2, 100
pco2 40
what is th prsessur of the pc02 an po2 when it has passed the tissues
pco2 - 46
p02 40
what is the pressure of the pco2 and p02 in the cell
p02 -40
pco2 4
6
What are teh abreavation A, a and ṽ
A = aveoli
a = arterial blood
ṽ = venous blood
whydoes co2 dissolve ascoss teh membrane much quicker than 02
it is water soluble
what factors of diffusion do pathogens affect
decrease surface area
increase thickens of membraen
what effect does emphysema have on alveoli
damages them ruducing their surface area
what effect does fibrotic lung dises have on aveloii
thickens teh aveloar memabrne and thus slows gas exchange
it has loses lungs compliance due to it being as thick as possible
what effect do pulmonary edma have on diffusion of air
increased intersiton fluid space resulting in further for it to travel
what effect does hastma hav on airway resitant
decraes as the bronchoise are restived
obstuctive lung disase
restic flow of airways
restictive lung disase
restict lung expansion
Examples of obstuctive lung disase
Astma,
COPD, - Chronic bronchitis and Emphysema
Examples of resticitive lung disorder
Fibrosis
INfaft respitory distress syndrom ( insufficanet surfactant production)
oedema
pnemothorax
when is obsucive and restive lung disorder most common inspiration or exspiration
obstuctoine, - expiration
restivitive - insiration
What is static spiromety and dynamic spiromety
static - only consider total ammount expired
dynamic - ammout expireated and time taken to expire amount
What lung volumes can be measued by sprimenty
all but ones taht involve residualr volume
What is fev
forced expiratory volume in 1 second
what is fvc
forced viral captiace
what is normal fev /fvc
80%
What percenatge do obstuctive disease normally have
40%
do resticted disease often haev a lower fev/ fvc
no , normally about 80-90%
What factors are required for the higher pressure needed during inspiration compared to expiration
lung interia, surface tension , comression of airways during epriration requires more pressure for air to flow along them
effect of emphyseam on pressue volume relationhsip
loss of elastic tissue meas expirati requires signifcanly extra work
effect of fibrois on prexssur volume relationshi
fibrous tissue means effort of inspiration is increased
