What is Diabetes mellitus

Question 1

effect of insulin on , adipose tissue, liver and glucose intake

Answer 1

reduces lipolyiss
reduced glucose prodtoi
increase gluocse uptake into muscle

Question 2

symptoms of hyperglcemai

Answer 2

polydispia, polyuria, blurred vison, weight loss, infection

Question 3

complcion long term of hyperglycmeai

Answer 3

retinopathy, neuropayt, nepropaty
stroek, mi, pvd

Question 4

crietea for diagnoiss

Answer 4

2 of glucose and hba1c if non sympatic
1 if sympatic
glucose fasting above 7, or randoma above 11
hba1 above 48

Question 5

when can hba1 not be used

Answer 5

children and young people
short duration of diabetes symptosm
paitens with high risk of diabetes who are acutley ill
corticostoier wher ti cuase rapid glucos uptake
after pancretic surgyer or damage
renal failure
hiv

Question 6

what are hte crier for intermittend hyperglycem

Answer 6

fasting gluose of 6.1 - 7
impared glucose tollerce 2 hr of gretaer than 7.8 and less than 11
hbac1 - 42- 47

Question 7

what is normoglycmae

Answer 7

where a glucose level is associated with a low risk of develping diabetes or cardiovasular disaes

Question 8

what auto immune gens are assoced with type 1 diabetes

Answer 8

anti gad, ia2, znt8

Question 9

what are the odds of a twin maving type 1 diabetes if there sibling does

Answer 9

30-50%

Question 10

what are the of odds of type 1 diabttes if your mother has ti

Answer 10

1%

Question 11

what are the odd of type 1 diabetes if your fatrhter has it

Answer 11

6%

Question 12

odds of t1d if both paretns have it

Answer 12

30%

Question 13

what are the odds of t1d if sibling has it

Answer 13

8%

Question 14

clincial diabaoags of type 1

Answer 14

often yonger
slim
hyperglyemc sympons
thryod and other autoein contions, pernious anmiea, vitiligo
ketones

Question 15

how long do auto immune panel take to come back for t1d

Answer 15

6 weeks

Question 16

how long does c peptide take to return for t1d

Answer 16

3 year when relaiable

Question 17

treatmet for type 2 diabtes

Answer 17

mostly life style including weight loss
non insulin medicaiton
insulin

Question 18

non insulin mediation for t2d

Answer 18

metformin, sulfonylureas, glitazones, sglt2 , dp4 inhibitor, glp1 angoins

Question 19

what are odds of haing type 2 if idenitl twin has it

Answer 19

90-100%

Question 20

odd of type two if one or both perants have it

Answer 20

one parent 15%
both parents 75%

Question 21

main sympon of type 2

Answer 21

all hypergluyic suhc as thirst, tyrednes, polyurai, nocutria, wieht loss, blurred vins

Question 22

what type of infueioc is normaly presnt with tyep 2

Answer 22

thrust and balantisi

Question 23

what is mody

Answer 23

maturity onset diabtes in the young

Question 24

effect on cell in mody

Answer 24

loss of beta cell fuciton

Question 25

how is mody spread

Answer 25

auto somal dominat

Question 26

what are the type of mutaiton in mody

Answer 26

gluokinase mutiaon
transcripon factor mutations

Question 27

type of transciton factor muations

Answer 27

hnf-1a, hnf-1b, hnf-4a

Question 28

cause of seconary diabtes melliuts

Answer 28

drugs such as cortiocsteroids
pancratic destuio - haemochromatis, cf, chronic pancreatis, pacreatocy
genetic disords such as didmoad
endocrine such as cushgin, acromegly phemoclaym a

Question 29

treatmet fo rglucokinase muation

Answer 29

deite

Question 30

tratem fro transcion facot rpmuations

Answer 30

diet, oral hypoglycmei agnets to help lower bg
insulin

Question 31

age of onset of glucokinase mautionand transciotn facot muaiotn

Answer 31

glucokinase form bithr
transcripn factor muaito form young adult