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Endocrine > 4 - Endocrine control of growth and disorders of growth > Flashcards

4 - Endocrine control of growth and disorders of growth Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 factors that control growth

A

genetics, nutrition, hormones

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2
Q

what are teh main hormones that effect frowth

A

gh
igf 1
thyroid horome
sex teroids
insulin

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3
Q

what is the antatgoin gorwht hornmone

A

cotrisol

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4
Q

when do sex steriods mainy start

A

puberty

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5
Q

what are the 2 periods of rapid growth in humans

A

infancy - first 8 - 10 months of life
puberty

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6
Q

why is there rapid growth in infacny

A

, this is largely controlled by nutritional intake
due to growth hormen

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7
Q

why is there a spike in growth in puberty

A

androgens and oestrogen, this produces spikes in gh and igf - 1 hormone

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8
Q

effect of sex hormoens on long bone

A

terminate growtgh in epiphyes of long bone by sex hormone
gh, igf- 1 also cause long bone elongation

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9
Q

when do thyroid hormes mainly effect gorwth

A

early years,

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10
Q

when does growth horme effect growth

A

constantly throughout

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11
Q

when do androgens and eostrogen effect gorwoth

A

mostly in later years

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12
Q

what are teh hormes for intrautrien growth

A

inulin, thryoid horme, igf 2

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13
Q

what is congential hypothyrodis

A

where babeis ar born a nroal size but can’t produ theirown thryoid hormes

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14
Q

wht does a child lok like with low th

A

metal retardation
infnatile propaiton

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15
Q

effect of nrmal gh and low th

A

adult prpption
dwarthism
normal distriioinof mass
short staure

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16
Q

name of gh

A

somatotropin

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17
Q

what cells is growth hormone relased from

A

somatostatin cells

18
Q

what hormes control gh

A

growth hormone inhibiton hormone
growth hormone releasing horone

19
Q

what other horone does gh need

A

insulin and thryoid horme in a permissve fashion

20
Q

what kind of receptor does gh work on

A

tyrosine kinase

21
Q

what are teh action of gh

A

regualtion of metabolim
growth of long bones with igf 1
increases glucogeneis by liver
redues the abiltiy of insulin to stimalre glucose by mcuel and adipose tisseus
maeks adipoces more censeitee to lipolyic stimuli
increase amino acid uptake and preoin syntehsi in almost all cells

22
Q

what other homees is igf - 1 like

A

insulin as it cuaess glucose uptake in to mucel and bone

23
Q

where if igf 1 from

A

liver in respone to gh relases

24
Q

where is igf 2 found

A

feotus and neonate

25
Q

what type of hromeon are gh and igf

A

peptide

26
Q

how do gh and igf travel in blood

A

bound to a carrier prtien

27
Q

what percent of gh is bound

A

50% to provide a respovier of gh preventing over exertion in urine and prolonging half life

28
Q

how does ig effect gorwth hormeon

A

inhibeis ghrn and stimuates ghih

29
Q

main tissue benifited by gh

A

bone and brain

30
Q

when is gh maily relaed in the day

A

firts 2 hours of sleep , during deep sleep
very little relase in waking hours

31
Q

how does igf 1 change during hours

A

very little due to having a 20hr half life

32
Q

what increase ghrh

A

decrea in energy supply in cells inlcing cold weather, exercies,
increased amounts of amin acids in plasma, proatin proein sytemh by liver and mucles
physical stress and illenss
delta sleep
oestral and tesotargle - this also prevent igf negative feedbac

33
Q

what are teh stimuli for ghih

A

glucose
ffa
ageing
cortisol

34
Q

what are conditions of hypersection of gh hormes

A

gigantism
acromegaly

35
Q

what is gigantism

A

xs gh due to pituatroy tumuor befor epipheal plates of long bones close

36
Q

what is acromegaly

A

xs gh due to pitalary turmou after the epipseal plates close

37
Q

what are teh signs of acromegaly

A

bigger feet and hands, and faicl features

38
Q

what rae caues of hypo section

A

deffecty in ghrm - hypothalmic origin
defiecy in gh - pituatary origin
genetic mutations - depress downsrea realse of ig 1 and periap tissues cannot respon to teh growth siganl
preconcious puberty sex gnrh stimalus puberty by promating sex hormone relase
hypothryoid dwarfism -

39
Q

feastues of hypothyroid dwarfism

A

retain infalie feaue with stund growth

40
Q

effect of gestation diabes on babes

A

cause them to be large as it cuase them to anabos by feoal insulin

Endocrine (20 decks)

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