4 - Endocrine control of growth and disorders of growth

Question 1

what are the 4 factors that control growth

Answer 1

genetics, nutrition, hormones

Question 2

what are teh main hormones that effect frowth

Answer 2

gh
igf 1
thyroid horome
sex teroids
insulin

Question 3

what is the antatgoin gorwht hornmone

Answer 3

cotrisol

Question 4

when do sex steriods mainy start

Answer 4

puberty

Question 5

what are the 2 periods of rapid growth in humans

Answer 5

infancy - first 8 - 10 months of life
puberty

Question 6

why is there rapid growth in infacny

Answer 6

, this is largely controlled by nutritional intake
due to growth hormen

Question 7

why is there a spike in growth in puberty

Answer 7

androgens and oestrogen, this produces spikes in gh and igf - 1 hormone

Question 8

effect of sex hormoens on long bone

Answer 8

terminate growtgh in epiphyes of long bone by sex hormone
gh, igf- 1 also cause long bone elongation

Question 9

when do thyroid hormes mainly effect gorwth

Answer 9

early years,

Question 10

when does growth horme effect growth

Answer 10

constantly throughout

Question 11

when do androgens and eostrogen effect gorwoth

Answer 11

mostly in later years

Question 12

what are teh hormes for intrautrien growth

Answer 12

inulin, thryoid horme, igf 2

Question 13

what is congential hypothyrodis

Answer 13

where babeis ar born a nroal size but can’t produ theirown thryoid hormes

Question 14

wht does a child lok like with low th

Answer 14

metal retardation
infnatile propaiton

Question 15

effect of nrmal gh and low th

Answer 15

adult prpption
dwarthism
normal distriioinof mass
short staure

Question 16

name of gh

Answer 16

somatotropin

Question 17

what cells is growth hormone relased from

Answer 17

somatostatin cells

Question 18

what hormes control gh

Answer 18

growth hormone inhibiton hormone
growth hormone releasing horone

Question 19

what other horone does gh need

Answer 19

insulin and thryoid horme in a permissve fashion

Question 20

what kind of receptor does gh work on

Answer 20

tyrosine kinase

Question 21

what are teh action of gh

Answer 21

regualtion of metabolim
growth of long bones with igf 1
increases glucogeneis by liver
redues the abiltiy of insulin to stimalre glucose by mcuel and adipose tisseus
maeks adipoces more censeitee to lipolyic stimuli
increase amino acid uptake and preoin syntehsi in almost all cells

Question 22

what other homees is igf - 1 like

Answer 22

insulin as it cuaess glucose uptake in to mucel and bone

Question 23

where if igf 1 from

Answer 23

liver in respone to gh relases

Question 24

where is igf 2 found

Answer 24

feotus and neonate

Question 25

what type of hromeon are gh and igf

Answer 25

peptide

Question 26

how do gh and igf travel in blood

Answer 26

bound to a carrier prtien

Question 27

what percent of gh is bound

Answer 27

50% to provide a respovier of gh preventing over exertion in urine and prolonging half life

Question 28

how does ig effect gorwth hormeon

Answer 28

inhibeis ghrn and stimuates ghih

Question 29

main tissue benifited by gh

Answer 29

bone and brain

Question 30

when is gh maily relaed in the day

Answer 30

firts 2 hours of sleep , during deep sleep very little relase in waking hours

Question 31

how does igf 1 change during hours

Answer 31

very little due to having a 20hr half life

Question 32

what increase ghrh

Answer 32

decrea in energy supply in cells inlcing cold weather, exercies, increased amounts of amin acids in plasma, proatin proein sytemh by liver and mucles physical stress and illenss delta sleep oestral and tesotargle - this also prevent igf negative feedbac

Question 33

what are teh stimuli for ghih

Answer 33

glucose ffa ageing cortisol

Question 34

what are conditions of hypersection of gh hormes

Answer 34

gigantism acromegaly

Question 35

what is gigantism

Answer 35

xs gh due to pituatroy tumuor befor epipheal plates of long bones close

Question 36

what is acromegaly

Answer 36

xs gh due to pitalary turmou after the epipseal plates close

Question 37

what are teh signs of acromegaly

Answer 37

bigger feet and hands, and faicl features

Question 38

what rae caues of hypo section

Answer 38

deffecty in ghrm - hypothalmic origin defiecy in gh - pituatary origin genetic mutations - depress downsrea realse of ig 1 and periap tissues cannot respon to teh growth siganl preconcious puberty sex gnrh stimalus puberty by promating sex hormone relase hypothryoid dwarfism -

Question 39

feastues of hypothyroid dwarfism

Answer 39

retain infalie feaue with stund growth

Question 40

effect of gestation diabes on babes

Answer 40

cause them to be large as it cuase them to anabos by feoal insulin