3 - Contorl of metabolism (part 2) Flashcards
effect of increase glucogon
increase glycogenlysiss
increaeds gluconegeneisis
increasek ketogenteies
where is glucgon reaolsed form
alpha pancretic islet cells
where is glucgon degraradd form
liver
what is the action of glucagon
opposes insulin
increases glycogenolsys
incrrease gluconegoenseis (break down of aa and glycerol from fat)
formation of ketones from fa ( fat)
where if the fatty acids realsed from in decreased blood clules
mucle and adipose tissue
effect of amino acids on glucagon
causes release of glucagon secretion
what would happen if there was no glucagon realsed when aa amino acids are activaed
only insulin would be realsed , tus would drastically lower blood sugar, causing catastrophic effects in the brain
why does amino acids stimulate both insulin and glucagon
as aa effect to lower blood glucouse, thus bg would lower to a dangerously low level
what stimuli promote glucagon release
low bg
high amino acid
sympathetic inervationa nd epeipeglie
cortisol
stress
what stimuli inhibit glucagon relase release
glucose
ffa
insulin
somatostatin
effect of vaugs on glucagon
increase the release of it, in a pre exittaory state
sympathic effect on insulin
inhibitory
what is the function of stomaotsttain
inhibits absoption and activity of gi tract
it also suppresses release of insulin and glucagon in pancreas
what is the effect of a somatostain secreting pancreatic tumjour
have symotoms of diabees as low blood insulin and glugaon
whihc moclues can do proeitn catabolsim ( breakdown
cortisol
effect of growth hormon
gluconeogeniss, inhibits glucose uptake, lipolysis
effect of epineprhine
muscle glycogenolsys, liver glycogenolysis, gluconeogesis, lipolysis
does glucogon cuaisn increase or decreaes blood glucose
increase
does insulin cuase an increas or decrease in blood glucose
decrease
effect of entry of glucose in exerise in musles
glut 4 migrate to teh surface with out the ned for insulin
how does the sensity of muces change to insulin as you exercise more
increase sensitivity to insulin
how does the brain change after a period of starvation
it gest use to the increase ammount of ketones and can adapt to be more sensitive to them
what is used as an ergery souc e during starvation
adipose tisue, which convert to ffa, which convert to ketone bodies
what is the last store to be broken down in infection
protein
what is type 1 diabests
auto immue distruction of pancreatic b cells, produce insulin, 10 % are insulin dependent as they cannot absobr insulin form plasama
effect of liver in diabeests
liver still produces gluces due to not effect of insulin, thus further increase blood glcueos
what is ketoacidiods in t1d
when nutoreia are scare, body releis on ffa and ketones body for mucel and brain, howere when inulin diabets is poorly controlled, a lack of inulin depresses ketone body uptake, building it up rapidly in plamas and create a life threating alkyalsids, needing treating with hours
what is t2d
where the periphearl tissues beocme insulin resistance
what is teh tests for insulin reistance
glucose tolerence tests
how is a gluceo tolerance tests done
increa the glucose and measre the repsone after 1 hour and 2 hour comparent dot a normal patient
how to converted mg/dl to mm
dived mg/dl by 18
effects of long term hyperglycemia
retinopathy
neuropathy
nephropathy
cvd
