3 - Contorl of metabolism (part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

effect of increase glucogon

A

increase glycogenlysiss
increaeds gluconegeneisis
increasek ketogenteies

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2
Q

where is glucgon reaolsed form

A

alpha pancretic islet cells

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3
Q

where is glucgon degraradd form

A

liver

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4
Q

what is the action of glucagon

A

opposes insulin

increases glycogenolsys
incrrease gluconegoenseis (break down of aa and glycerol from fat)
formation of ketones from fa ( fat)

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5
Q

where if the fatty acids realsed from in decreased blood clules

A

mucle and adipose tissue

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6
Q

effect of amino acids on glucagon

A

causes release of glucagon secretion

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7
Q

what would happen if there was no glucagon realsed when aa amino acids are activaed

A

only insulin would be realsed , tus would drastically lower blood sugar, causing catastrophic effects in the brain

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8
Q

why does amino acids stimulate both insulin and glucagon

A

as aa effect to lower blood glucouse, thus bg would lower to a dangerously low level

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9
Q

what stimuli promote glucagon release

A

low bg
high amino acid
sympathetic inervationa nd epeipeglie
cortisol
stress

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10
Q

what stimuli inhibit glucagon relase release

A

glucose
ffa
insulin
somatostatin

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11
Q

effect of vaugs on glucagon

A

increase the release of it, in a pre exittaory state

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12
Q

sympathic effect on insulin

A

inhibitory

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13
Q

what is the function of stomaotsttain

A

inhibits absoption and activity of gi tract
it also suppresses release of insulin and glucagon in pancreas

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14
Q

what is the effect of a somatostain secreting pancreatic tumjour

A

have symotoms of diabees as low blood insulin and glugaon

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15
Q

whihc moclues can do proeitn catabolsim ( breakdown

A

cortisol

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16
Q

effect of growth hormon

A

gluconeogeniss, inhibits glucose uptake, lipolysis

17
Q

effect of epineprhine

A

muscle glycogenolsys, liver glycogenolysis, gluconeogesis, lipolysis

18
Q

does glucogon cuaisn increase or decreaes blood glucose

19
Q

does insulin cuase an increas or decrease in blood glucose

20
Q

effect of entry of glucose in exerise in musles

A

glut 4 migrate to teh surface with out the ned for insulin

21
Q

how does the sensity of muces change to insulin as you exercise more

A

increase sensitivity to insulin

22
Q

how does the brain change after a period of starvation

A

it gest use to the increase ammount of ketones and can adapt to be more sensitive to them

23
Q

what is used as an ergery souc e during starvation

A

adipose tisue, which convert to ffa, which convert to ketone bodies

24
Q

what is the last store to be broken down in infection

25
what is type 1 diabests
auto immue distruction of pancreatic b cells, produce insulin, 10 % are insulin dependent as they cannot absobr insulin form plasama
26
effect of liver in diabeests
liver still produces gluces due to not effect of insulin, thus further increase blood glcueos
27
what is ketoacidiods in t1d
when nutoreia are scare, body releis on ffa and ketones body for mucel and brain, howere when inulin diabets is poorly controlled, a lack of inulin depresses ketone body uptake, building it up rapidly in plamas and create a life threating alkyalsids, needing treating with hours
28
what is t2d
where the periphearl tissues beocme insulin resistance
29
what is teh tests for insulin reistance
glucose tolerence tests
30
how is a gluceo tolerance tests done
increa the glucose and measre the repsone after 1 hour and 2 hour comparent dot a normal patient
31
how to converted mg/dl to mm
dived mg/dl by 18
32
effects of long term hyperglycemia
retinopathy neuropathy nephropathy cvd