2 - Hypothalamus and pituitary gland Flashcards
whihc is most superior hypothalmus or pituatoyr
hypothalamus
what is the hypothalmus made out of
neural brain tissue
how is the pituatary attached
infundibulum
what is the connection of the hypothalmus and the posterior pituatory
neuronal
what is the connnectiono between hypothalmus and antiero pituatly
capillaries
how large is the pitualry
bean sized about 14 mm
whihch bone is the pituatory gland in
sphenoid
which is true endocrine, postieor or antieroe pituaayr
anterior
how much of the pitatory is anterior and posteoro
2/3 anterior
1/3 posterior
role of posteriror
secreting neuraol of nerual hormones
what is the middle part of oitaary called
par intermdia
what does pars intermedia secrete
msh - melocyte secreting hormone
factors that effect the hypothalm
cold, stress, metabolic demand, exercise, day/ lihgt, mental cycle, sleep, breast feeding, pregnancy, puberty
what does the pituatry gland control
trhyoid
adreanl
lactioaiton
gonda fuciton
growth
water balance
metabolisms
what type of horomes are relaed by pituarayy and ghpothalms
trophic and non trophic hormones
what type of hormes are relased by posterior pituary and hypothalmus
neurohormone
what are torpic hoomres
give rise to another hormone
example of non trophic
nerual hormes produe ni hypothalus travel to te to posterio pituatry though axons to release a chemical into blodd
examples o ftropic hormoens
nueroal hormes secrete into capillarei travell to antiero pituary
type of neruon in posterior pituatry
magnocelluar neurons
role of magnocelluar hromes
release Peptie neuro hormones - vasopressing - anti diurectic hrome adh
oxytocin - stimalres uterine corntioact (during labour) and adis in exression of milk in locating brest
role of oxytoicn and vasopressin in postieor prituatry
act like peptide hormes to pacakage and store the visible allowing its release
how are postioer pituar hroemes transprt from hypotha
as veiscels so the poster ptiaury can erasle them into the blood after being stored
what are the main 5 hypothalmic relases hormones
trh
crh - corticotropin releaseing hormone
ghrh
gnrh - gonadotropin relaasing hromone
prolactin releasing horomone
what are the hypothalic inhibiting hormone
growth hormone inhibing horome
dopamine / prolactin inhibing hormone
what are the type of horme are they
pepties , ext dopamine whihc is catecholamines
what can thryoid regulaing hormoen stimular
tsh and prolacing
what does ghih stop
g rotwh hrome reles
what does dopamine stop
porlactain
what is teh hypothalmo hypophyseal portal system
system of tiny vessels whihc tranfer tropic hormones from hypothalamus to antiero pituatary
what are the anteior pituatary hormones
tsh
acth
fsh - follicle stimulating hormone
lh - luteising hormone
gh
prolactin
what type of action is prolactin
it is direct acting thus not trophic
what is long loop vs short loop feed back
long loop fromt eh endocrine target
short loop from anttieor pituaty hypothalamus
primary disoerds
from cell that secrete hormone
secondar disorder
where there is too little or too much tropic hormone from pituatry
3rd order
due to hypothalmic defects
hyperresponsiveness cause
alternation in recptoer for hormone, disorderd post recpeotr failure, failure of metaboi activation of hormone
hyperresponsivness
thyrodi hormone adrenaline mediated liposisly
what happens after prologed exposure to low hormone levels
up regulation of receptor number
what happens with prolonged high exposrue to hormone
down regulatio f receuprot number due to decreasecd senstity of tissue to hormone
what is permissive effect of hormoens
when one hormone enhances the effect of another hormone when used in combination , ie when epineer only cause slight lipois but when used wit thryoid hores it is much greater
why does th cause increaed lymp;o for epinerh
due to it being periem to it
th does not cause fatty acid release
antagonsit effect
where one drug stops another drug from working as well
