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Endocrine > 7 calcium balance > Flashcards

7 calcium balance Flashcards

1
Q

main role of ca

A

signalling - used for mcues contraction, enzyme fucito , hormones
blood clotting
apoptoiss - progamend cell death
skeleatl stoengh
membrane exitibliey - it decreaes na permeability

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2
Q

Hypocalcaemia effect

A

increase na permei whihc ca lead to hyperexitbily of neruion and lead to teaty, can cuase lany to conttic and repsiraty arrest

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3
Q

hyper calcemw

A

this decreases neuronal na permeabilty, can triger cariac arests as it depesses neuromsuclw activity

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4
Q

where most calium found

A

bones - 99%
intracelluar - 0.9%
extracelluarlar 0.1%

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5
Q

how is most extracelluar callium found

A

bound to a protein

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6
Q

where is intracellaru calicum stored

A

inside mitocire and sacroplaimc reticulum

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7
Q

what form is calcium in bone

A

hydroxyapatiet - a phosphate based comound

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8
Q

normal amount of ca in plama

A

2.2 - 2.6 mm

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9
Q

how much ph8iolgy active calium is in plas

A

about 1.2 as half is sored in ionised

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10
Q

what happens to the plama calum which is not bound in protin or free

A

it is bound to plama anions

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11
Q

when does plama binding capicity increas, what ph

A

under alkaloitic conidtsion

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12
Q

what happens to ph wheen hypervention

A

plamsma ph rises

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13
Q

why does alkylosis increas proin bound calicum

A

as the h ion in soluion drop the hydor ion ataahc t the proin leave and these are replaed with ca ions

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14
Q

equaiton of toital body caliucm

A

calium in from diet - caliu j extion form kidney and faeces

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15
Q

osteobladse

A

bone vuiling , lay down collagen extra celluar mastics

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16
Q

osteyoces

A

from osteoblast , which lie dormaant and make up the bone strucure

17
Q

osteoclasts

A

they mobilse bone, secre h+ ions to sisve calum soladn and digest the extra celuar meatics

18
Q

where is calcitoril form

A

vit d from the liver and kideny

19
Q

effect of calcitorol

A

it incrase ca in plama

20
Q

whre is calcitonin form

A

clear / parafollicuar cells of the thryoid fland

21
Q

effect of calcitonin

A

decreses plasma ca levels

22
Q

nuber of parathryoid glands

A

4

23
Q

what happens in reespose to decraed free ca levels

A

osteoclatsi in resotpon of ca and phosphate in bone
inhibits osetoblast by reduicng ca depostino in bone
increases reabtio of ca form the kiney tublres and drease its excretion in urine
increase renal extion of phapahts
stimalres kitney ot syntehs calciton from vi d promator reabopton

24
Q

what are good sorces of fat soune vitamntes

A

oily fish, mackerl , tuna , fish liver oils and egg yolks

25
Q

how does calcitorol work

A

increase ca from the gut
facilates renal absopon of ca
mobiles calcium stores in boy by stimuarl ostepcalt activyq

26
Q

how does calcitorl increase ca abion in gut

A

it is sitalred by pth and thus tranpto it com gut into to lumne

27
Q

what stiulees calcitrol reasles

A

prolaticntin due to increas dema for ca in milk protioniton

28
Q

what levle is vit d difec

A

whre it is less than 20ng/ml

29
Q

effect of vit d diffe

A

rickes and ostelmalcia in adults

30
Q

what is the effect of chapatti flou

A

it binds to diatery ca and removes it putting popluatio at risk for deficeny

31
Q

how does calcitonn work

A

binds to osetblat and inhibo bbone reabsopion
also increase renal extion of ca
no importnat in humans

32
Q

what is the effect of cortil on ca baca

A

inhibts ostelbala dn icnrease renal exction

33
Q

what is the effect of insulin on ca balcance

A

increse bone formation and anatagonsis cortisol

34
Q

effect of oestrog and tesotn on ca baca

A

promotes bone formin via recpor on osteolasts

35
Q

effect of gh on ca balance

A

stimuls for bone formation

36
Q

effect of ;prolacin on ca bacla

A

promones clacum abionfrom gut

37
Q
A

Endocrine (20 decks)

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