7 calcium balance Flashcards
main role of ca
signalling - used for mcues contraction, enzyme fucito , hormones
blood clotting
apoptoiss - progamend cell death
skeleatl stoengh
membrane exitibliey - it decreaes na permeability
Hypocalcaemia effect
increase na permei whihc ca lead to hyperexitbily of neruion and lead to teaty, can cuase lany to conttic and repsiraty arrest
hyper calcemw
this decreases neuronal na permeabilty, can triger cariac arests as it depesses neuromsuclw activity
where most calium found
bones - 99%
intracelluar - 0.9%
extracelluarlar 0.1%
how is most extracelluar callium found
bound to a protein
where is intracellaru calicum stored
inside mitocire and sacroplaimc reticulum
what form is calcium in bone
hydroxyapatiet - a phosphate based comound
normal amount of ca in plama
2.2 - 2.6 mm
how much ph8iolgy active calium is in plas
about 1.2 as half is sored in ionised
what happens to the plama calum which is not bound in protin or free
it is bound to plama anions
when does plama binding capicity increas, what ph
under alkaloitic conidtsion
what happens to ph wheen hypervention
plamsma ph rises
why does alkylosis increas proin bound calicum
as the h ion in soluion drop the hydor ion ataahc t the proin leave and these are replaed with ca ions
equaiton of toital body caliucm
calium in from diet - caliu j extion form kidney and faeces
osteobladse
bone vuiling , lay down collagen extra celluar mastics
osteyoces
from osteoblast , which lie dormaant and make up the bone strucure
osteoclasts
they mobilse bone, secre h+ ions to sisve calum soladn and digest the extra celuar meatics
where is calcitoril form
vit d from the liver and kideny
effect of calcitorol
it incrase ca in plama
whre is calcitonin form
clear / parafollicuar cells of the thryoid fland
effect of calcitonin
decreses plasma ca levels
nuber of parathryoid glands
4
what happens in reespose to decraed free ca levels
osteoclatsi in resotpon of ca and phosphate in bone
inhibits osetoblast by reduicng ca depostino in bone
increases reabtio of ca form the kiney tublres and drease its excretion in urine
increase renal extion of phapahts
stimalres kitney ot syntehs calciton from vi d promator reabopton
what are good sorces of fat soune vitamntes
oily fish, mackerl , tuna , fish liver oils and egg yolks
