1 . Intro to endocrine physiology

Question 1

definiton of endocrine system

Answer 1

secrteion fo hormoens from cells, tissues, or glands which are carried in the blood to target organs with a distal site of action

Question 2

differecne betwen nrual and endocrine

Answer 2

endocien, must be though the blood

Question 3

neuroendocine

Answer 3

where the endocine and nerous system combine, a nervous causes release of a endocrine hrome e.g. postioer piturtoary gland

Question 4

can endocirne work n multiple cells

Answer 4

yes, they are spefici but provide a different response in other cells

Question 5

what are autocine secrtions

Answer 5

secretions from cells taht cause chemcial change on the same cell called cytokines

Question 6

what is paracinre section

Answer 6

secretion of cells that cuaes effect in neightbnoug cells e.g histamien

Question 7

what are sology endocinre organs

Answer 7

thryroid, adrenal and pitualar and hypothalums glands

Question 8

what are endocriene organs with other propters

Answer 8

pineal, heart, liver stomach, pancre,as adreanl medula, skin, testes

Question 9

concerntion of endocine hormes

Answer 9

10^-9 - 10 ^-12

Question 10

what are amine hormes made up of

Answer 10

one or two amino acids

Question 11

what are peptitid or proien horone made up out of

Answer 11

chain of ammino acids

Question 12

what are steroid hormone made out of

Answer 12

cholesterol

Question 13

examples of peptide horoes

Answer 13

trh, fsh, insulin

Question 14

what are peptide hormones noramlly stored as

Answer 14

preprohoromone

Question 15

what is the effect of peptide fragment

Answer 15

persitn in blood after the relaes of the hormone as they are in the vesticle toghterh

Question 16

how are peptide hormeosn stored

Answer 16

as a preprohrome in adeaave, this is turned into a pro hormone until it is realsed from the storage vesticule

Question 17

where is preprohormone turned into prohorome

Answer 17

in the endoplasmic metoolim due to enzyem cleavering teh inactive part

Question 18

where does the prohorme go though to becoemn the hormone

Answer 18

though gogli paparat to fold it correclty and take off the inactive peptide fragments using enzymes , this is then seacreta as a veislce

Question 19

what does teh hormeons go though betwen cell cytoosal and blood palsam

Answer 19

ecf

Question 20

are prohomesas acgive or inactive

Answer 20

inactive

Question 21

use of c pepeties

Answer 21

measure the endocien effect of pancreas as it is only produced from body produced insulin

Question 22

where to peptide hormone work on

Answer 22

gpcr or tyrosine kinase receptors

Question 23

how fast is the repsons for peptide hormeons

Answer 23

seconds to minties

Question 24

whihc is faster g protien or tyroskine kinsase lnked recpeort

Answer 24

g protein

Question 25

what is teh effect of a g protein couple receptor

Answer 25

activates a 2nd messener system and ion channels leading to it modifying existing proteins

Question 26

what is the efffect of a tyrosine kinase linked recport

Answer 26

it alters the gene expersion, leading to a slower longer acting response

Question 27

examples of amine hormones

Answer 27

dopamine, norepiepine, epinepherine (from adrenal medulla) throxiine - t4 and t3 melatonin

Question 28

why is meltonin in different

Answer 28

it is not from tyrosine

Question 29

why can steroid hormones not be stored

Answer 29

they are highly lipiotholic, thus can diffuse straight across the lipd barrier

Question 30

what are exampel of carier proein for steorid hormes and why do they need them

Answer 30

albumin, due to them being poorly solluble in blood

Question 31

half life of steorid hormen

Answer 31

60 - 90 min

Question 32

what typeof steorid hormeonare relased from the gonads

Answer 32

sex steroids

Question 33

what type of steroid hormone are relased format eh placenta

Answer 33

hcg and sex steroid

Question 34

what type of steroid hormones are relased form the kidney

Answer 34

vit d3

Question 35

what type of steroid hormoens are relaed form the adrenal cortex

Answer 35

cortico steroids

Question 36

how to dsori hofmones work

Answer 36

they can cross into tehcl due to ving lipothic and cause a change in the gene exption to increase or decree protein syntehis - through work on cytoplasmic or nuclre recpots also can act on surface cell report to illicit a rapid repsoen

Question 37

how long do steroid hormes awork for

Answer 37

days or weeks due to them chaign gene expression

Question 38

benifit of steroid hormeons being ina carrier

Answer 38

it allows for nly a small aound in circaiton increase the half life as there is a resovoid