1 . Intro to endocrine physiology Flashcards
definiton of endocrine system
secrteion fo hormoens from cells, tissues, or glands which are carried in the blood to target organs with a distal site of action
differecne betwen nrual and endocrine
endocien, must be though the blood
neuroendocine
where the endocine and nerous system combine, a nervous causes release of a endocrine hrome e.g. postioer piturtoary gland
can endocirne work n multiple cells
yes, they are spefici but provide a different response in other cells
what are autocine secrtions
secretions from cells taht cause chemcial change on the same cell called cytokines
what is paracinre section
secretion of cells that cuaes effect in neightbnoug cells e.g histamien
what are sology endocinre organs
thryroid, adrenal and pitualar and hypothalums glands
what are endocriene organs with other propters
pineal, heart, liver stomach, pancre,as adreanl medula, skin, testes
concerntion of endocine hormes
10^-9 - 10 ^-12
what are amine hormes made up of
one or two amino acids
what are peptitid or proien horone made up out of
chain of ammino acids
what are steroid hormone made out of
cholesterol
examples of peptide horoes
trh, fsh, insulin
what are peptide hormones noramlly stored as
preprohoromone
what is the effect of peptide fragment
persitn in blood after the relaes of the hormone as they are in the vesticle toghterh
how are peptide hormeosn stored
as a preprohrome in adeaave, this is turned into a pro hormone until it is realsed from the storage vesticule
where is preprohormone turned into prohorome
in the endoplasmic metoolim due to enzyem cleavering teh inactive part
where does the prohorme go though to becoemn the hormone
though gogli paparat to fold it correclty and take off the inactive peptide fragments using enzymes , this is then seacreta as a veislce
what does teh hormeons go though betwen cell cytoosal and blood palsam
ecf
are prohomesas acgive or inactive
inactive
use of c pepeties
measure the endocien effect of pancreas as it is only produced from body produced insulin
where to peptide hormone work on
gpcr or tyrosine kinase receptors
how fast is the repsons for peptide hormeons
seconds to minties
whihc is faster g protien or tyroskine kinsase lnked recpeort
g protein
what is teh effect of a g protein couple receptor
activates a 2nd messener system and ion channels leading to it modifying existing proteins
what is the efffect of a tyrosine kinase linked recport
it alters the gene expersion, leading to a slower longer acting response
examples of amine hormones
dopamine, norepiepine, epinepherine (from adrenal medulla)
throxiine - t4 and t3
melatonin
why is meltonin in different
it is not from tyrosine
why can steroid hormones not be stored
they are highly lipiotholic, thus can diffuse straight across the lipd barrier
what are exampel of carier proein for steorid hormes and why do they need them
albumin, due to them being poorly solluble in blood
half life of steorid hormen
60 - 90 min
what typeof steorid hormeonare relased from the gonads
sex steroids
what type of steroid hormone are relased format eh placenta
hcg and sex steroid
what type of steroid hormones are relased form the kidney
vit d3
what type of steroid hormoens are relaed form the adrenal cortex
cortico steroids
how to dsori hofmones work
they can cross into tehcl due to ving lipothic and cause a change in the gene exption to increase or decree protein syntehis - through work on cytoplasmic or nuclre recpots
also can act on surface cell report to illicit a rapid repsoen
how long do steroid hormes awork for
days or weeks due to them chaign gene expression
benifit of steroid hormeons being ina carrier
it allows for nly a small aound in circaiton
increase the half life as there is a resovoid
