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Endocrine > 1 . Intro to endocrine physiology > Flashcards

1 . Intro to endocrine physiology Flashcards

1
Q

definiton of endocrine system

A

secrteion fo hormoens from cells, tissues, or glands which are carried in the blood to target organs with a distal site of action

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2
Q

differecne betwen nrual and endocrine

A

endocien, must be though the blood

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3
Q

neuroendocine

A

where the endocine and nerous system combine, a nervous causes release of a endocrine hrome e.g. postioer piturtoary gland

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4
Q

can endocirne work n multiple cells

A

yes, they are spefici but provide a different response in other cells

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5
Q

what are autocine secrtions

A

secretions from cells taht cause chemcial change on the same cell called cytokines

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6
Q

what is paracinre section

A

secretion of cells that cuaes effect in neightbnoug cells e.g histamien

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7
Q

what are sology endocinre organs

A

thryroid, adrenal and pitualar and hypothalums glands

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8
Q

what are endocriene organs with other propters

A

pineal, heart, liver stomach, pancre,as adreanl medula, skin, testes

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9
Q

concerntion of endocine hormes

A

10^-9 - 10 ^-12

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10
Q

what are amine hormes made up of

A

one or two amino acids

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11
Q

what are peptitid or proien horone made up out of

A

chain of ammino acids

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12
Q

what are steroid hormone made out of

A

cholesterol

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13
Q

examples of peptide horoes

A

trh, fsh, insulin

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14
Q

what are peptide hormones noramlly stored as

A

preprohoromone

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15
Q

what is the effect of peptide fragment

A

persitn in blood after the relaes of the hormone as they are in the vesticle toghterh

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16
Q

how are peptide hormeosn stored

A

as a preprohrome in adeaave, this is turned into a pro hormone until it is realsed from the storage vesticule

17
Q

where is preprohormone turned into prohorome

A

in the endoplasmic metoolim due to enzyem cleavering teh inactive part

18
Q

where does the prohorme go though to becoemn the hormone

A

though gogli paparat to fold it correclty and take off the inactive peptide fragments using enzymes , this is then seacreta as a veislce

19
Q

what does teh hormeons go though betwen cell cytoosal and blood palsam

A

ecf

20
Q

are prohomesas acgive or inactive

A

inactive

21
Q

use of c pepeties

A

measure the endocien effect of pancreas as it is only produced from body produced insulin

22
Q

where to peptide hormone work on

A

gpcr or tyrosine kinase receptors

23
Q

how fast is the repsons for peptide hormeons

A

seconds to minties

24
Q

whihc is faster g protien or tyroskine kinsase lnked recpeort

A

g protein

25
Q

what is teh effect of a g protein couple receptor

A

activates a 2nd messener system and ion channels leading to it modifying existing proteins

26
Q

what is the efffect of a tyrosine kinase linked recport

A

it alters the gene expersion, leading to a slower longer acting response

27
Q

examples of amine hormones

A

dopamine, norepiepine, epinepherine (from adrenal medulla)
throxiine - t4 and t3
melatonin

28
Q

why is meltonin in different

A

it is not from tyrosine

29
Q

why can steroid hormones not be stored

A

they are highly lipiotholic, thus can diffuse straight across the lipd barrier

30
Q

what are exampel of carier proein for steorid hormes and why do they need them

A

albumin, due to them being poorly solluble in blood

31
Q

half life of steorid hormen

A

60 - 90 min

32
Q

what typeof steorid hormeonare relased from the gonads

A

sex steroids

33
Q

what type of steroid hormone are relased format eh placenta

A

hcg and sex steroid

34
Q

what type of steroid hormones are relased form the kidney

A

vit d3

35
Q

what type of steroid hormoens are relaed form the adrenal cortex

A

cortico steroids

36
Q

how to dsori hofmones work

A

they can cross into tehcl due to ving lipothic and cause a change in the gene exption to increase or decree protein syntehis - through work on cytoplasmic or nuclre recpots
also can act on surface cell report to illicit a rapid repsoen

37
Q

how long do steroid hormes awork for

A

days or weeks due to them chaign gene expression

38
Q

benifit of steroid hormeons being ina carrier

A

it allows for nly a small aound in circaiton
increase the half life as there is a resovoid

Endocrine (20 decks)

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