6 - adrenal glands Flashcards

1
Q

where are the adreanal glands

A

ontop of teh kidneys

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2
Q

what are teh parts of teh adreanl gand

A

adrenal medulla
adrenal cortex

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3
Q

what does the adrenal medulla release

A

catecholamines - epinephrine and norepineprhine and dopamine

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4
Q

what does teh adrenal cortex realease

A

mineralocorticoids - aldrosterone
glucocortiocs - cortiosl
sex steroids - testosterone

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5
Q

what is teh role of aldosterone

A

regulation of na and k

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6
Q

what is teh role of glucocortiocids

A

mainstains plama glucose

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7
Q

which part of te adranl gand is in the centre and whihc is in the the peripary

A

centre - adreal medsulla
periply - cortex

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8
Q

what is the arrange of teh cortex form centre out

A

zona reticular - sex horems
zona fasicula - glucocortoids
zona glomerulosa - aldosterone

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9
Q

where are all steroids dirived from

A

cortisol

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10
Q

what enzyem turn cholester to cortisol and aldosteron

A

21- hyroxlase

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11
Q

what enzyme turns cholestol to sex steroids

A

aromatase

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12
Q

what is the precusou to aldrosteon

A

corticosterone

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13
Q

what does dhea go to form

A

sex steroids

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14
Q

effect of defeect in 21 hydroxlase

A

defeciny in aldosterone and cortisol and salt and glucose

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15
Q

why does a defect in 21 hydrolase cause adrenal hyperlasi

A

inhits symtesi of colicol , removing negative feedback on acth and crc relse, this increase achth section increas adranl galnds

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16
Q

what is reols for negative feed back of adrneal corex

A

cortisol realsa, acting on acth and crh

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17
Q

where is crh realse fthm

A

hypothalum

18
Q

where is acth realse from

19
Q

effect of cortisol

A

influes glucose metabols as it is a glucocotial hormone
it alters gene expresssion, transcripon and translation
has secondary mesenegy sysetm repson to creater rapid cellualr repsoes

20
Q

is corisol carrier bound

A

yes - most of it only unbound can elicit a respone

21
Q

when is cortisol highest

A

during points of stress, ie duirng firts thing in the moing, it is circadium

22
Q

use of cortisol in vrian

A

prevnts hypoglycemai

23
Q

role of cortison on glucose metabolims

A

gluconeogiensis - through liver
proteolysis - thouhg break down of mucle portoiesn to provide gluconeogie substrates for the liver
lipolysis - in adibe tissue increase ffa
decres insuin sensisty in mucles and adipose tissues

24
Q

non glucocorito efect of ccortisol

A

effects ca balance, due to decreaseab absoion form gut and inceaes kidney ca+ loss and bone reapsbipon
imparents of mood and cogintion - linked to depression
premissive effect of norepineprhien in vasuclar smooth muscle,
suppresion of immune sysnte though destroym lympoctes

25
what is issue with withdrawing glucocoriti tramtin
due to additonal therapic corial enches ngeitve fadiahc when withdra could have no fuciotn corisal thus resuting in negative effects
26
function of aldosterone
it works on the kidneys to determine the level of mineral that need to re absorbed and excreted form the kidneys it increase reabso of an ion and excretion of k+ form th ebody
27
what pathwya cuaes aldosterone secterion form adrnal corte
renin angiotensin aldosterone system
28
effect of aldosteron on cvs
increase in aldoese stimulases na and h20 retion and k+ delpton, this increase blood pressure decreased aldosteron leads to an and h20 loss and increase k+ meang that there is decreased blood perssure
29
what is a disorder of hypersecrtino of cortisol
cushing
30
difference betwen cusing disease and syndrome
cusing syndoem is primary due to ecess section form adranl cortex cushings disease is secnosdary due to hyper section from pituitary gland
31
symptons of cusching
deposit fo fat in abon places inlcuing on back of neck wasting of the extremes increa fat around bloto of trunk moon face
32
what is teh disorder of hyposection of cortisol
addisons
33
what is addison diseawe
hypo sectio of all adrenal steroids, due to auto immune destruciton of the of adrenal cortex
34
symptons of addison
hypotens due to loss of corticol effect and loss of an retention hyperpignmetns due to stimulator fo melano cyes
35
when are crh and acth relased and how to inraes there relaes
due to stress alchol, caffine and lack of sleep , due to them cuaign negative feed back on hypothalamic pituralr adrena axis, thus cuaign more lerales
36
downside of increae cortios
it turns down the immune system, making it more likely to be vunvelrabel to infection
37
how does the adranl meddudl reales hormoen
directly into the blood
38
what is exces adrenal medulla relaes
phenochromocytoma
39
effect of phyemocrhomocytom
excess catecholamines , thus relauign in increase in hr, co and blood pressure it is also idabetoic due to change in glucose memtnaolim
40
cause of phenochyojmacytom
neuroendocine tumor in teh adreanl meddula
41
what caues relawes in adreanl meddual
preganglinc sympic fibers