6 - adrenal glands Flashcards
where are the adreanal glands
ontop of teh kidneys
what are teh parts of teh adreanl gand
adrenal medulla
adrenal cortex
what does the adrenal medulla release
catecholamines - epinephrine and norepineprhine and dopamine
what does teh adrenal cortex realease
mineralocorticoids - aldrosterone
glucocortiocs - cortiosl
sex steroids - testosterone
what is teh role of aldosterone
regulation of na and k
what is teh role of glucocortiocids
mainstains plama glucose
which part of te adranl gand is in the centre and whihc is in the the peripary
centre - adreal medsulla
periply - cortex
what is the arrange of teh cortex form centre out
zona reticular - sex horems
zona fasicula - glucocortoids
zona glomerulosa - aldosterone
where are all steroids dirived from
cortisol
what enzyem turn cholester to cortisol and aldosteron
21- hyroxlase
what enzyme turns cholestol to sex steroids
aromatase
what is the precusou to aldrosteon
corticosterone
what does dhea go to form
sex steroids
effect of defeect in 21 hydroxlase
defeciny in aldosterone and cortisol and salt and glucose
why does a defect in 21 hydrolase cause adrenal hyperlasi
inhits symtesi of colicol , removing negative feedback on acth and crc relse, this increase achth section increas adranl galnds
what is reols for negative feed back of adrneal corex
cortisol realsa, acting on acth and crh
where is crh realse fthm
hypothalum
where is acth realse from
pitutatry
effect of cortisol
influes glucose metabols as it is a glucocotial hormone
it alters gene expresssion, transcripon and translation
has secondary mesenegy sysetm repson to creater rapid cellualr repsoes
is corisol carrier bound
yes - most of it only unbound can elicit a respone
when is cortisol highest
during points of stress, ie duirng firts thing in the moing, it is circadium
use of cortisol in vrian
prevnts hypoglycemai
role of cortison on glucose metabolims
gluconeogiensis - through liver
proteolysis - thouhg break down of mucle portoiesn to provide gluconeogie substrates for the liver
lipolysis - in adibe tissue increase ffa
decres insuin sensisty in mucles and adipose tissues
non glucocorito efect of ccortisol
effects ca balance, due to decreaseab absoion form gut and inceaes kidney ca+ loss and bone reapsbipon
imparents of mood and cogintion - linked to depression
premissive effect of norepineprhien in vasuclar smooth muscle,
suppresion of immune sysnte though destroym lympoctes
what is issue with withdrawing glucocoriti tramtin
due to additonal therapic corial enches ngeitve fadiahc when withdra could have no fuciotn corisal thus resuting in negative effects
function of aldosterone
it works on the kidneys to determine the level of mineral that need to re absorbed and excreted form the kidneys
it increase reabso of an ion and excretion of k+ form th ebody
what pathwya cuaes aldosterone secterion form adrnal corte
renin angiotensin aldosterone system
effect of aldosteron on cvs
increase in aldoese stimulases na and h20 retion and k+ delpton, this increase blood pressure
decreased aldosteron leads to an and h20 loss and increase k+ meang that there is decreased blood perssure
what is a disorder of hypersecrtino of cortisol
cushing
difference betwen cusing disease and syndrome
cusing syndoem is primary due to ecess section form adranl cortex
cushings disease is secnosdary due to hyper section from pituitary gland
symptons of cusching
deposit fo fat in abon places inlcuing on back of neck
wasting of the extremes
increa fat around bloto of trunk
moon face
what is teh disorder of hyposection of cortisol
addisons
what is addison diseawe
hypo sectio of all adrenal steroids, due to auto immune destruciton of the of adrenal cortex
symptons of addison
hypotens due to loss of corticol effect and loss of an retention
hyperpignmetns due to stimulator fo melano cyes
when are crh and acth relased and how to inraes there relaes
due to stress
alchol, caffine and lack of sleep , due to them cuaign negative feed back on hypothalamic pituralr adrena axis, thus cuaign more lerales
downside of increae cortios
it turns down the immune system, making it more likely to be vunvelrabel to infection
how does the adranl meddudl reales hormoen
directly into the blood
what is exces adrenal medulla relaes
phenochromocytoma
effect of phyemocrhomocytom
excess catecholamines , thus relauign in increase in hr, co and blood pressure
it is also idabetoic due to change in glucose memtnaolim
cause of phenochyojmacytom
neuroendocine tumor in teh adreanl meddula
what caues relawes in adreanl meddual
preganglinc sympic fibers
