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Endocrine > Calcium > Flashcards

Calcium Flashcards

1
Q

main sources of calcium

A

milk, cheese, leafy veg such as broccoli, cabbage, okra,
soya beans
nuts
bread

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2
Q

function of calcum

A

bone formation
cell devison and grwoth
mucle contraction
neurotransmittor relase

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3
Q

whihc protien is calum bound to

A

albumin

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4
Q

what percent of calum is free

A

45%

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5
Q

what percent of calum is in an non isnonsed complex

A

15%

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6
Q

normal clauim range

A

2.2 - 2.6

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7
Q

what factor effect free calum in blood test

A

the ammoiunt of albumin, where there is more albumin there is less free calclium

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8
Q

soucres of vit d

A

oily fish such as salmon, sarldies, mackerl
eggs
fortifced fat speads
fortifed breakfast cerials

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9
Q

how is at risk of vit d sdiricity

A

efnic groups with darker skin tones
those who where head cothreing
nursing ressidney
pregnacy

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10
Q

what does the pararothyd galnd realse

A

parathryoid hormone

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11
Q

what type of cell relaes parathryod hormeon

A

cheif cells

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12
Q

when is para thry horme secreted

A

due to fall in calum

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13
Q

what is the effect of paratrhyod hormone

A

promontes reabopion of clum from the renal tubules and bone
converts vit d from inactive to active from

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14
Q

what is the inactive form of cti d

A

25 hydroxlase

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15
Q

what is te active form of vit d

A

1,25oh2 vit d

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16
Q

where is inacive vit d sorted

A

liver

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17
Q

where is vit d convere to active vit

A

kidney

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18
Q

effect of vit d on calum

A

it helps you to aborb claum form the gut

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19
Q

what i hypoglymena

A

calum less than 2.2

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20
Q

signs of hypocalcelaian in the acute setting

A

neuromucleraklar irriabel
parathesia
muslce twichign
carpodpeal spasma
trousesai sign
chovstek sign
seiguer
larnygel spasm
prolonged qt intrval
hypotneison
heart failure
arrthma
papilloedemoa

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21
Q

what is choveks sign

A

where there is a twich when you touch the side of someones face on the trigemial nerve

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22
Q

what is trosseau’s sign

A

where the hand curls up when you apply the bp cuff

23
Q

signs of chronic hypocalcemia

A

ectopic calcifation
extrapyrmaial signs
parkinsonism
dementia
abnormal dentitiion
dry skin

24
Q

caues of low pth in hypocalcemia

A

genetic
post surgyer
auto immune
radiation
hungry bone synoeme
hiv

25
Q

cause of high pthin hypocalcemia

A

vit d deficenty
psudohypoparathryosism
hypo magneseium
renal disease
tumour lysis
acute pancreaitiss
acutre respiratory alkalaosi

26
Q

drugs that cuase hypoclaumenai

A

inhibitors of bone realpon - including calcotiosn, bisphonates
fluroide posignign

27
Q

most common cause of hypocalcemia

A

distrumtion of the parathryoid gland due to total thryodiedctmy
selective parathroiectym
sevre vit d deffecty
mg decfti

28
Q

test for hypocalemia

A

ecg
serum calcium
albumin
phosphate
pth
u and e
vit d
mg

29
Q

if parathryod horme is low it is most likely - hypocalume

A

low mg

30
Q

if parathryoidm homeone is is high and ther is hypocuam it is most likely

A

vit d if kidney are noa
renal faiure is u and e are high

31
Q

pseudohypothyroisd

A

where there is a gentic defect that prevents the body from dealing with parathryodi hormone

32
Q

signs of psudohypoparathrism

A

elevated pth
abright hereidy ostodyrphy- obetisty, short stabture, shortignig f hte metaclap bones

33
Q

treatmet for hypo thryosm that is mild

A

oral calum tapbels
vit d tablets
mg tablets

34
Q

what is the treatmetn for severe hypocalumea

A

iv clacium glutoante
dextrose iv
ecg monitoring

35
Q

what is the defiion of sevre hypocleuam

A

symptomatic or ca less thatn 1.9mmol/l

36
Q

what is the loading ose for vit c

A

3200 units daily for 12 weeks

37
Q

what is the lelve of hypercleum that needs treatment

A

above 3.5 mmol

38
Q

what celum level needs non urgnet treatmetn

A

3 - 3.5mmol/

39
Q

cause of parathryod hypercleuam

A

priary hyperparathrysism
inghereed men syneoms
familar isoalted hyperphtayti
hyperparathrysoism jaw tumour syndome
famialr hypocalciur hypercmeia

40
Q

non paratrhyod mediated cuases of hypercaleumia

A

pth receprot prein - in lunglcancer
ostelic bone meastais and local cytoies
vit d intoxication
chronisc granumosas disorders, sarcoiddsos , tb , berrylliosis

41
Q

medical causes of hypercalcemia

A

thiazide diurectic
lithum
teriparatide
excess vit a
theophylline toxicity

42
Q

endocrine causes of hypercelcmai

A

hyperthrodisms
acromegaly
pheocrhoctyoma
adrenal insufficent
immobilisation
parental nution

43
Q

renal features of hypercelamia

A

polyuria
polydispia
nephrolithiaiasia
diabets insipitus

44
Q

gi signs of hypercliam

A

anorexsia
nauea and vommiting
consiptaion
pancreatis
peptic ucler disease

45
Q

msk signs of hypercaea

A

meusle weakness, bone pai , osteoprosis

46
Q

test for hypocalemia

A

u and e
calcum
po4
alk phospahte
myeloma screen
serum ace
pth

47
Q

cause sof low pth and hypercam

A

malignacy and drug causes

48
Q

most comon hypercalum malignacy

A

squamous cell cancer - had and neck, oseopahykk, cervic and lung
renal
ovarian
endoemeial brast

49
Q

which men contiosare associated iwht hyperparathryosm

A

men 1 - 95%of cases and men 2a

50
Q

treatment for sevre hypereclaa

A

saline - 4 - 6 letire ofvef 24 hours
bisphonates

51
Q

parathryoid homeon effect on vit d

A

incrase no of aciv evit d by converion in kidneys

52
Q

effect of calcium

A

preventws reabaopon of bone
works to lower calcium
realsed from c cells of parathryoid gland

53
Q
A

Endocrine (20 decks)

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