Calcium Flashcards by Thomas Smith

main sources of calcium

milk, cheese, leafy veg such as broccoli, cabbage, okra,
soya beans
nuts
bread

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function of calcum

bone formation
cell devison and grwoth
mucle contraction
neurotransmittor relase

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whihc protien is calum bound to

albumin

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what percent of calum is free

45%

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what percent of calum is in an non isnonsed complex

15%

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normal clauim range

2.2 - 2.6

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what factor effect free calum in blood test

the ammoiunt of albumin, where there is more albumin there is less free calclium

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soucres of vit d

oily fish such as salmon, sarldies, mackerl
eggs
fortifced fat speads
fortifed breakfast cerials

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how is at risk of vit d sdiricity

efnic groups with darker skin tones
those who where head cothreing
nursing ressidney
pregnacy

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what does the pararothyd galnd realse

parathryoid hormone

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what type of cell relaes parathryod hormeon

cheif cells

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when is para thry horme secreted

due to fall in calum

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what is the effect of paratrhyod hormone

promontes reabopion of clum from the renal tubules and bone
converts vit d from inactive to active from

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what is the inactive form of cti d

25 hydroxlase

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what is te active form of vit d

1,25oh2 vit d

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where is inacive vit d sorted

liver

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where is vit d convere to active vit

kidney

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effect of vit d on calum

it helps you to aborb claum form the gut

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what i hypoglymena

calum less than 2.2

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signs of hypocalcelaian in the acute setting

neuromucleraklar irriabel
parathesia
muslce twichign
carpodpeal spasma
trousesai sign
chovstek sign
seiguer
larnygel spasm
prolonged qt intrval
hypotneison
heart failure
arrthma
papilloedemoa

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what is choveks sign

where there is a twich when you touch the side of someones face on the trigemial nerve

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what is trosseau’s sign

where the hand curls up when you apply the bp cuff

signs of chronic hypocalcemia

ectopic calcifation
extrapyrmaial signs
parkinsonism
dementia
abnormal dentitiion
dry skin

caues of low pth in hypocalcemia

genetic
post surgyer
auto immune
radiation
hungry bone synoeme
hiv

cause of high pthin hypocalcemia

vit d deficenty psudohypoparathryosism hypo magneseium renal disease tumour lysis acute pancreaitiss acutre respiratory alkalaosi

drugs that cuase hypoclaumenai

inhibitors of bone realpon - including calcotiosn, bisphonates fluroide posignign

most common cause of hypocalcemia

distrumtion of the parathryoid gland due to total thryodiedctmy selective parathroiectym sevre vit d deffecty mg decfti

test for hypocalemia

ecg serum calcium albumin phosphate pth u and e vit d mg

if parathryod horme is low it is most likely - hypocalume

low mg

if parathryoidm homeone is is high and ther is hypocuam it is most likely

vit d if kidney are noa renal faiure is u and e are high

pseudohypothyroisd

where there is a gentic defect that prevents the body from dealing with parathryodi hormone

signs of psudohypoparathrism

elevated pth abright hereidy ostodyrphy- obetisty, short stabture, shortignig f hte metaclap bones

treatmet for hypo thryosm that is mild

oral calum tapbels vit d tablets mg tablets

what is the treatmetn for severe hypocalumea

iv clacium glutoante dextrose iv ecg monitoring

what is the defiion of sevre hypocleuam

symptomatic or ca less thatn 1.9mmol/l

what is the loading ose for vit c

3200 units daily for 12 weeks

what is the lelve of hypercleum that needs treatment

above 3.5 mmol

what celum level needs non urgnet treatmetn

3 - 3.5mmol/

cause of parathryod hypercleuam

priary hyperparathrysism inghereed men syneoms familar isoalted hyperphtayti hyperparathrysoism jaw tumour syndome famialr hypocalciur hypercmeia

non paratrhyod mediated cuases of hypercaleumia

pth receprot prein - in lunglcancer ostelic bone meastais and local cytoies vit d intoxication chronisc granumosas disorders, sarcoiddsos , tb , berrylliosis

medical causes of hypercalcemia

thiazide diurectic lithum teriparatide excess vit a theophylline toxicity

endocrine causes of hypercelcmai

hyperthrodisms acromegaly pheocrhoctyoma adrenal insufficent immobilisation parental nution

renal features of hypercelamia

polyuria polydispia nephrolithiaiasia diabets insipitus

gi signs of hypercliam

anorexsia nauea and vommiting consiptaion pancreatis peptic ucler disease

msk signs of hypercaea

meusle weakness, bone pai , osteoprosis

test for hypocalemia

u and e calcum po4 alk phospahte myeloma screen serum ace pth

cause sof low pth and hypercam

malignacy and drug causes

most comon hypercalum malignacy

squamous cell cancer - had and neck, oseopahykk, cervic and lung renal ovarian endoemeial brast

which men contiosare associated iwht hyperparathryosm

men 1 - 95%of cases and men 2a

treatment for sevre hypereclaa

saline - 4 - 6 letire ofvef 24 hours bisphonates

parathryoid homeon effect on vit d

incrase no of aciv evit d by converion in kidneys

effect of calcium

preventws reabaopon of bone works to lower calcium realsed from c cells of parathryoid gland