Calcium Flashcards
main sources of calcium
milk, cheese, leafy veg such as broccoli, cabbage, okra,
soya beans
nuts
bread
function of calcum
bone formation
cell devison and grwoth
mucle contraction
neurotransmittor relase
whihc protien is calum bound to
albumin
what percent of calum is free
45%
what percent of calum is in an non isnonsed complex
15%
normal clauim range
2.2 - 2.6
what factor effect free calum in blood test
the ammoiunt of albumin, where there is more albumin there is less free calclium
soucres of vit d
oily fish such as salmon, sarldies, mackerl
eggs
fortifced fat speads
fortifed breakfast cerials
how is at risk of vit d sdiricity
efnic groups with darker skin tones
those who where head cothreing
nursing ressidney
pregnacy
what does the pararothyd galnd realse
parathryoid hormone
what type of cell relaes parathryod hormeon
cheif cells
when is para thry horme secreted
due to fall in calum
what is the effect of paratrhyod hormone
promontes reabopion of clum from the renal tubules and bone
converts vit d from inactive to active from
what is the inactive form of cti d
25 hydroxlase
what is te active form of vit d
1,25oh2 vit d
where is inacive vit d sorted
liver
where is vit d convere to active vit
kidney
effect of vit d on calum
it helps you to aborb claum form the gut
what i hypoglymena
calum less than 2.2
signs of hypocalcelaian in the acute setting
neuromucleraklar irriabel
parathesia
muslce twichign
carpodpeal spasma
trousesai sign
chovstek sign
seiguer
larnygel spasm
prolonged qt intrval
hypotneison
heart failure
arrthma
papilloedemoa
what is choveks sign
where there is a twich when you touch the side of someones face on the trigemial nerve
what is trosseau’s sign
where the hand curls up when you apply the bp cuff
signs of chronic hypocalcemia
ectopic calcifation
extrapyrmaial signs
parkinsonism
dementia
abnormal dentitiion
dry skin
caues of low pth in hypocalcemia
genetic
post surgyer
auto immune
radiation
hungry bone synoeme
hiv
cause of high pthin hypocalcemia
vit d deficenty
psudohypoparathryosism
hypo magneseium
renal disease
tumour lysis
acute pancreaitiss
acutre respiratory alkalaosi
drugs that cuase hypoclaumenai
inhibitors of bone realpon - including calcotiosn, bisphonates
fluroide posignign
most common cause of hypocalcemia
distrumtion of the parathryoid gland due to total thryodiedctmy
selective parathroiectym
sevre vit d deffecty
mg decfti
test for hypocalemia
ecg
serum calcium
albumin
phosphate
pth
u and e
vit d
mg
if parathryod horme is low it is most likely - hypocalume
low mg
if parathryoidm homeone is is high and ther is hypocuam it is most likely
vit d if kidney are noa
renal faiure is u and e are high
pseudohypothyroisd
where there is a gentic defect that prevents the body from dealing with parathryodi hormone
signs of psudohypoparathrism
elevated pth
abright hereidy ostodyrphy- obetisty, short stabture, shortignig f hte metaclap bones
treatmet for hypo thryosm that is mild
oral calum tapbels
vit d tablets
mg tablets
what is the treatmetn for severe hypocalumea
iv clacium glutoante
dextrose iv
ecg monitoring
what is the defiion of sevre hypocleuam
symptomatic or ca less thatn 1.9mmol/l
what is the loading ose for vit c
3200 units daily for 12 weeks
what is the lelve of hypercleum that needs treatment
above 3.5 mmol
what celum level needs non urgnet treatmetn
3 - 3.5mmol/
cause of parathryod hypercleuam
priary hyperparathrysism
inghereed men syneoms
familar isoalted hyperphtayti
hyperparathrysoism jaw tumour syndome
famialr hypocalciur hypercmeia
non paratrhyod mediated cuases of hypercaleumia
pth receprot prein - in lunglcancer
ostelic bone meastais and local cytoies
vit d intoxication
chronisc granumosas disorders, sarcoiddsos , tb , berrylliosis
medical causes of hypercalcemia
thiazide diurectic
lithum
teriparatide
excess vit a
theophylline toxicity
endocrine causes of hypercelcmai
hyperthrodisms
acromegaly
pheocrhoctyoma
adrenal insufficent
immobilisation
parental nution
renal features of hypercelamia
polyuria
polydispia
nephrolithiaiasia
diabets insipitus
gi signs of hypercliam
anorexsia
nauea and vommiting
consiptaion
pancreatis
peptic ucler disease
msk signs of hypercaea
meusle weakness, bone pai , osteoprosis
test for hypocalemia
u and e
calcum
po4
alk phospahte
myeloma screen
serum ace
pth
cause sof low pth and hypercam
malignacy and drug causes
most comon hypercalum malignacy
squamous cell cancer - had and neck, oseopahykk, cervic and lung
renal
ovarian
endoemeial brast
which men contiosare associated iwht hyperparathryosm
men 1 - 95%of cases and men 2a
treatment for sevre hypereclaa
saline - 4 - 6 letire ofvef 24 hours
bisphonates
parathryoid homeon effect on vit d
incrase no of aciv evit d by converion in kidneys
effect of calcium
preventws reabaopon of bone
works to lower calcium
realsed from c cells of parathryoid gland
