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Endocrine > 5 - Thyroid gland > Flashcards

5 - Thyroid gland Flashcards

1
Q

hormone of thyoid galnd

A

t3 and t4

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2
Q

t3

A

triiodothyronine

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3
Q

t4

A

thyroxine

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4
Q

what are c clels

A

they secre calcitonin - the ca regulating hormone

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5
Q

what are follicular cells

A

they support the thryoid syntheis and surround the hollow cells, produng enzymes that make thyroid hores and thyroglobulin
concentrate iodide from the plasma and transport it to the colloid

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6
Q

what is in teh centre of the thyroid follicles

A

colloid - whihc has 2 - 3 months supply of th

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7
Q

thyroglobulin

A

a large protin rich in tyrosine resiules

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8
Q

what are tyrod hormes made from

A

tyrosine resius and iodide

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9
Q

how does iodien enter the follicular celsl

A

though the na+/I- tranpoerter symport, this takes up iodien against a conception gradient

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10
Q

how does iodien move form teh follicular cells to the colloid

A

thrugh the pendrin transpeorter

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11
Q

what happens in the thyroid due to tsh

A

parts of the colloid are taken to the follicular cell, where they are packaged into vesicules with proteolytic enzymes which cut the thryoglobuin and release thyroid hormoens

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12
Q

why do t3 and t4 need to be stored in vesicules

A

as they are lipid soluble so would be pass out of the foliuclar cell membrane

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13
Q

what to t3 and t4 bind to whwhen they leave the thyroid

A

thyroxine bind globulin

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14
Q

what is mit

A

onoiodotyrosine - addition of one iodine to tyrosine

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15
Q

what is dit

A

diiodotyrosine - adding a second iodine to mit

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16
Q

what is mit conguating with dit

A

t3

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17
Q

what is dit congulating with dit

A

t4

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18
Q

what turns iodide to iodine

A

enzyes exocytosed in the colloid

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19
Q

what percent of t3 and t4 are not plasma bound

A

0.2%

20
Q

half life of t4 and t3

A

t4 - 6 day
t3 - 1 day

21
Q

why is half life of t4 higher then t 3

A

as thyroxine bind globulin has a higher affinity for it prealiin git slowly into the plasma

22
Q

what triggers tsh and trh, free hormones or hormone bound to thyroxine

A

only free hormones

23
Q

is there more t4 or t3

A

about 50 times more t4 than t3

24
Q

whihc binds to the cell more frequenly t3 or t4

A

t3

25
Q

whch has a higher effect t3 or t4

A

t3 - 3 - 5 times the effect compared with t4

26
Q

what happens to t4

A

it tunrs to t3 by deionisase enzymes in the plasma
or it is deiodnated inside targed cells also to t3

27
Q

what causes realse of thryoid hormone

A

cold, exercise and pregnacny

28
Q

why does pregancy cuase relase of thryoid hormoen

A

for the growth of the feautus

29
Q

where is thryoid horme froeaed from

A

trh, form hypothal
cause tsh from pituratory in anteiro

30
Q

what inhibtis tsh

A

somatosain and glucocoricoids

31
Q

what inhibits t4 to t3

A

glucocoritisoids

32
Q

what is the effect of thryoid hormone

A

it increase metabolic rate and theromoges though catbolism and anabolims
increases hepatic glucogenosis
proteolsysi
lipolysis
growth
gh receptor expression
brain development in utero

33
Q

what is hyperthryoidsm diseases

A

graves
thyroid adenoma

34
Q

what is a thryoid adenoma

A

hormone secreting thryoid tumour

35
Q

what is graves disease

A

where auo anti bodies miminc tsh activating the thyroid gland

36
Q

what happens to tsh realses in graves

A

swiches it off due to high level of thyroid hormone

37
Q

why does thryoid gland grow in graves

A

due to hyperactivy of the thyroid gland due to antiboid that minci tsh

38
Q

what is hyper thyroidsm symptons

A

increased metobolic rate - weight loss and heat production
increased protein break down - muscle weakness and weight loss
altered nervous system function - hyperexitable reflex and psycolical disturbances
elevated cardiovascular function 0 due to th permissues to adrenaline causing bh recpotes

39
Q

what are causes of hypotherids

A

idopathic
deficenciy in dietary iodine
hashimotos disease

40
Q

what is hashimoos diseaw

A

auto immune attack of thryoid gland

41
Q

what is socures of diatary iodine

A

milk, fish,, seafood and seaweed

42
Q

symptoms of hypothryoidsm

A

decreaed metabolic funciton - weiht gaain
disrupind protin synthesi - brittle nails and thin skin
alterd neou system - slow speech
reduced cardiocu function, slow heart rate and pulse

43
Q

what is a goite

A

inlagement of thyrodi gland, vissible on neck

44
Q

which condiion si gotire presnt in

A

both hypo and hyperthoids

45
Q

why is gotire prent in hypothyoidms

A

due to no negative thead back to antieor peituratory ad hypoth, mean they increa smmount of trh and tsh

46
Q
A

Endocrine (20 decks)

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