Weight Management Through the Life Cycle (C)

Question 1

Hypothyroidism occurs when too little of what hormones are secreted?

Answer 1

Triiodothryonine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), leading to decreased BMR

Question 2

What percent of US adults report regular leisure time exercise?

Answer 2

31%

Question 3

What percent of US adults report NO leisure time exercise?

Answer 3

40%

Question 4

When measured, what percent of US adults meet the recommendation for thirty minutes of moderate physical activity five days a week?

Answer 4

3-5%

Question 5

From 1970 to 2010, how many more calories are in the average American’s diet?

Answer 5

450

Question 6

What proportion of the population consumes a diet low in fruits and vegetables?

Answer 6

3/4

Question 7

From 1980-2000, how have obesity rates changed?

Answer 7

Doubled in adults, tripled in children

Question 8

What percent of US adults are overweight or obese?

Answer 8

34.9% obese, 68.6% overweight or obese

Question 9

What percent of US children are overweight or obese?

Answer 9

16.9% obese, 31.8% overweight or obese

Question 10

In which demographics have obesity climbed?

Answer 10

Men and boys (girls rates are stable) and black and latina women

Question 11

Where is subcutaneous fat stored, and where is visceral fat stored?

Answer 11

Subcutaneous often in the lower body, visceral in abdominal area

Question 12

How does the Hamwi method measure weight?

Answer 12

Based off of frame size

Question 13

How much more do obese people pay for healthcare?

Answer 13

42%

Question 14

How much does obesity cost the US in healthcare costs each year?

Answer 14

$270 billion

Question 15

What error rate can bio-impedance have?

Answer 15

up to 8%

Question 16

What are the acceptable and fitness body fat ranges for women?

Answer 16

25-31% acceptable, 21-24% fitness

Question 17

What are the acceptable and fitness body fat ranges for men?

Answer 17

18-24% acceptable, 14-17% fitness

Question 18

How much is the diet industry worth?

Answer 18

$60 billion

Question 19

How many people diet in the US?

Answer 19

75 million

Question 20

What percent of dieters do it on their own?

Answer 20

80%

Question 21

For very obese people, what percent of their body weight is safe to lose per week?

Answer 21

1%

Question 22

Medicare provides what support for those with a BMI over 30?

Answer 22

Weekly counseling for one month, then biweekly counseling for 5 months

Question 23

Who are weight loss drugs approved for?

Answer 23

BMI 30+ or BMI 27+ with complication

Question 24

How does the weight loss drug Orlistat (prescription Xenical) work?

Answer 24

Lipase inhibitor; prevents fat malabsorption. Yields modest results

Question 25

What are the side effects of the weight loss drug Orlistat (prescription Xenical)?

Answer 25

Gassiness, oily poop, liver malfunction, and jaundice

Question 26

How does the weight loss drug Lorcaserin (Belviq) work?

Answer 26

An SSRI promoting fullness. 3-3.7% more weight loss than the placebo

Question 27

What are the side effects of the weight loss drug Lorcaserin (Belviq)?

Answer 27

(Not to be taken with other SSRIs) drowsiness, headache, and constipation

Question 28

How do the weight loss drugs Phentermine and Topiramine (Qsymia) work?

Answer 28

A stimulant, normally anti-seizure and migraine, that reduce appetite and promote early satiety. Those who took it lost (% of their body weight (compared to 1.5% on placebo)

Question 29

What are the side effects of the weight loss drugs Phentermine and Topiramine (Qysmia)?

Answer 29

May cause birth defects; must also be on birth control to take

Question 30

How do the weight loss drugs Bupropion and Naltrexone (Contrave) work?

Answer 30

Targets hypothalamus to alter hunger and fullness. 42% of takers lost at least 5% of their body weight

Question 31

What are the side effects of the weight loss drugs Bupropion and Naltrexone (Contrave)?

Answer 31

Initially rejected by the FDA for CVD concern; now there is a black box warning for suicidal thoughts

Question 32

What are the side effects of the weight loss drug Liraglutide (Saxenda)?

Answer 32

Black box warning for thyroid tumors in animals

Question 33

What is the effectiveness of the weight loss drug Liraglutide (Saxenda)?

Answer 33

62% lost 5% of their body weight (compare to 34% placebo)

Question 34

How does the adjustable gastric band (AGB) weight loss surgery work?

Answer 34

Restricts the stomach opening; controlled by a balloon

Question 35

How does the roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) weight loss surgery work?

Answer 35

A small walnut-sized pouch for the stomach is created that reroutes food to the jejenum, changing absorption

Question 36

How does the vertical sleeve gastrectomy weight loss surgery work?

Answer 36

(Newer surgery) Leaves a sleeve-shaped stomach to empty food into the duodenum, and the body produces less ghrelin due to the smaller stomach

Question 37

How does the biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) weight loss surgery work?

Answer 37

Done 6-18 months after gastric sleeve; reroutes the sleeve and bile/gastric juices. "Staged approach"

Question 38

Patients who do not lose what percent of their body weight after 3 months should discontinue their weight loss drug?

Answer 38

5%

Question 39

Weight loss surgery is approved for what BMI?

Answer 39

BMI >40 or >35 with complication. AGB only for >30 with complication.

Question 40

What are the common side effects of weight loss surgery?

Answer 40

Bleeding, infection, leaks, blood clots, micronutrient deficiency, dumping syndrome, lactose intolerance, hair loss, and taste changes

Question 41

How should the deficiency of vitamin B12 and D, iron, and folate after weight loss surgery be addressed?

Answer 41

200% DV multivitamin with additional calcium and vitamin D. B12 given sublingually

Question 42

Complication rates of weight loss surgery have lowered to what percent?

Answer 42

15%

Question 43

How are weight loss surgeries often done?

Answer 43

Laparoscopically

Question 44

After 6-8 weeks of healing from weight loss surgery, how much can the stomach store?

Answer 44

1oz

Question 45

What is the diet for the first 2-3 weeks of healing from weight loss surgery?

Answer 45

High-protein liquid diet

Question 46

What is the diet upon 4-6 weeks of healing from weight loss surgery?

Answer 46

Soft-solid proteins; consume fluids separately and take 40-60 minutes to eat

Question 47

Once healing is complete, what is the diet after weight loss surgery?

Answer 47

64oz water, 60-80g protein, 3 servings of fruits and vegetables, 3.5 servings of whole grains; low-fat, low-sugar, high protein

Question 48

When is weight loss surgery considered successful?

Answer 48

When 50% of the excess weight loss is maintained over 5 years

Question 49

What is the average cost of weight loss surgery?

Answer 49

$20,000-$25,000

Question 50

What percent of overweight dieters successfully lose 10% of their body weight and sustain it over one year?

Answer 50

20% overweight, 29.7% obese

Question 51

What are the predominant characteristics of those who have successfully lost weight?

Answer 51

78% eat breakfast, 75% weigh themselves weekly, 62% watch under ten hours of TV weekly, and 90% exercise at least 1 hour a day

Question 52

What proportion of youth are overweight or obese?

Answer 52

1/3

Question 53

What is the chance that a child's obesity will continue into adulthood?

Answer 53

70%; 80% if one parent is also overweight

Question 54

What percent of black and hispanic children are overweight?

Answer 54

40%

Question 55

9/10 of the states with the highest rate of obesity are in what region?

Answer 55

The South

Question 56

What percent of children exercise 60 minutes a day?

Answer 56

42% 6-11 years; 8% 12+ years

Question 57

What is the average media time for US youth?

Answer 57

7.5 hours per day

Question 58

What percentile is classified as overweight for children?

Answer 58

85th-95th overweight, 95th+ obese

Question 59

When is weight loss indicated for children?

Answer 59

If there is a complication

Question 60

How quickly should a 2-7 year old obese child with complication lose weight?

Answer 60

Very slow (1lb per month)

Question 61

How quickly should a 7+ year old overweight child with complication (or obese without complication) lose weight?

Answer 61

2-4lb per month

Question 62

How quickly should a 7+ year old obese child with complication lose weight?

Answer 62

1-2lb per week

Question 63

What are the qualifications for youth bariatric surgery?

Answer 63

>40 BMI, reached adult height (13+ girls and 15+ boys), and have serious weight complications (ie T2D or sleep apnea)

Question 64

Which gastric surgery is not approved for minors?

Answer 64

Gastric band not approved. Usually gastric bypass is used

Question 65

What are the qualifications for underweight?

Answer 65

<18.5 BMI; <5th percentile for children