Adulthood (C) Flashcards
What age is considered young adulthood?
18-40
What age is considered middle adulthood?
40-65
What age range is the onset of rheumatoid arthritis?
30-50
How many Americans have rheumatoid arthritis?
1.3 million
What percent of those with rheumatoid arthritis are women?
70%
What is the dietary treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?
Vitamin D and calcium supplements and decreased sugar/saturated fat; anti-inflammatory
Growth is usually complete by what age?
25 years
What is the adult protein requirement?
0.8 grams per kg of body weight
What is the DRI for calcium ages 19-50?
1,000mg
What is the DRI for vitamin D?
15 mcg / 600 IUs
What age does bone loss begin slowly?
35-40 years
Calorie requirements diminish after what age?
25 years
How many glasses of milk nearly fulfill the adult calcium requirement?
3 glasses
When is the average age of menopause?
51 years
What hormones decrease during menopause?
Estrogen and progesterone
How many calories should be subtracted in order to maintain weight in one’s 40s?
200 calories
What are the vitamins of most concern when aging?
Magnesium (bone strength and immunity), vitamin K (fluid balance and neuromuscular function), vitamins A, E, and C (antioxidants and eye health,) and calcium (bone health)
What is the fastest-growing age group?
Those age 85+
What is the average US life expectancy?
81 years for females and 76 years for males
What percent of the population will be the 65+ age group by 2040?
21.7% (as compared to 14.5% in 2014!)
What are the physiological effects of aging?
Decreased metabolism, decreased muscle mass and bone density, sometimes cataracts, poor dentition, decreased heart and kidney efficiency, and less acute senses
A loss of hydrochloric acid caused by aging can lead to what?
Decreased intrinsic acid and B12 deficiency (causing pernicious anemia)
Decreased intestine tone caused by aging can lead to what?
Constipation or diarrhea
Dairy products should not be eaten within how many hours of taking the antibiotic tetracyline?
2 hours
Why should antioxidant vitamins not be consumed with clot-reducing medication?
They tend to thin the blood
What is the normal protein requirement in grams?
50g women; 63g men
What is the proposed protein requirement increase with age?
1.0 grams per kilogram of body weight
Although vitamin requirements are mostly the same after 51, which DRIs slightly decrease?
Thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin (due to overall decrease in calories), and iron in post-menopausal women
What percent do calorie requirements decrease every decade after 20?
2%
Seniors are often deficient in which nutrients?
Protein; vitamin C, D, B6, and B12; folate, calcium, zinc, iron, and sometimes fiber and calories
How should seniors supplement micronutrients?
By consuming a general multivitamin and extra vitamin D
What percent of the elderly have at least one chronic condition?
80% (50% have 2+)
How many Americans aged 50+ have osteoporosis?
54 million
Who is most at risk for osteoporosis?
Small-boned women, white people, smokers, drinkers, and sedentary people
When is the onset of osteoporosis and its gradual decrease in height?
Age 45
What are the causes of osteoporosis?
Sedentary; insufficient fluoride, calcium, and vitamin D intake; and decreased estrogen
Some doctors advise elderly clients to consume how much calcium?
1,500mg (which would require 1 quart of milk or its equivalent)
Plant based diets can have what effect on bone density?
Less leaching of calcium from bones due to a more alkaline environment
An excess of which mineral can cause bone loss?
Phosphorus (found in soda)
Periodontal disease may be linked to what other condition?
Osteoporosis
Regular use of aspirin by arthritic patients can have what side effect?
Bleeding in the stomach lining, creating an increased need for ion
Hypertension is thought to be caused not only by an excess of salt but also a deficiency of what other mineral?
Calcium
