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Nutrition > Adulthood (C) > Flashcards

Adulthood (C) Flashcards

1
Q

What age is considered young adulthood?

A

18-40

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2
Q

What age is considered middle adulthood?

A

40-65

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3
Q

What age range is the onset of rheumatoid arthritis?

A

30-50

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4
Q

How many Americans have rheumatoid arthritis?

A

1.3 million

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5
Q

What percent of those with rheumatoid arthritis are women?

A

70%

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6
Q

What is the dietary treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Vitamin D and calcium supplements and decreased sugar/saturated fat; anti-inflammatory

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7
Q

Growth is usually complete by what age?

A

25 years

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8
Q

What is the adult protein requirement?

A

0.8 grams per kg of body weight

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9
Q

What is the DRI for calcium ages 19-50?

A

1,000mg

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10
Q

What is the DRI for vitamin D?

A

15 mcg / 600 IUs

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11
Q

What age does bone loss begin slowly?

A

35-40 years

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12
Q

Calorie requirements diminish after what age?

A

25 years

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13
Q

How many glasses of milk nearly fulfill the adult calcium requirement?

A

3 glasses

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14
Q

When is the average age of menopause?

A

51 years

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15
Q

What hormones decrease during menopause?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

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16
Q

How many calories should be subtracted in order to maintain weight in one’s 40s?

A

200 calories

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17
Q

What are the vitamins of most concern when aging?

A

Magnesium (bone strength and immunity), vitamin K (fluid balance and neuromuscular function), vitamins A, E, and C (antioxidants and eye health,) and calcium (bone health)

18
Q

What is the fastest-growing age group?

A

Those age 85+

19
Q

What is the average US life expectancy?

A

81 years for females and 76 years for males

20
Q

What percent of the population will be the 65+ age group by 2040?

A

21.7% (as compared to 14.5% in 2014!)

21
Q

What are the physiological effects of aging?

A

Decreased metabolism, decreased muscle mass and bone density, sometimes cataracts, poor dentition, decreased heart and kidney efficiency, and less acute senses

22
Q

A loss of hydrochloric acid caused by aging can lead to what?

A

Decreased intrinsic acid and B12 deficiency (causing pernicious anemia)

23
Q

Decreased intestine tone caused by aging can lead to what?

A

Constipation or diarrhea

24
Q

Dairy products should not be eaten within how many hours of taking the antibiotic tetracyline?

A

2 hours

25
Q

Why should antioxidant vitamins not be consumed with clot-reducing medication?

A

They tend to thin the blood

26
Q

What is the normal protein requirement in grams?

A

50g women; 63g men

27
Q

What is the proposed protein requirement increase with age?

A

1.0 grams per kilogram of body weight

28
Q

Although vitamin requirements are mostly the same after 51, which DRIs slightly decrease?

A

Thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin (due to overall decrease in calories), and iron in post-menopausal women

29
Q

What percent do calorie requirements decrease every decade after 20?

A

2%

30
Q

Seniors are often deficient in which nutrients?

A

Protein; vitamin C, D, B6, and B12; folate, calcium, zinc, iron, and sometimes fiber and calories

31
Q

How should seniors supplement micronutrients?

A

By consuming a general multivitamin and extra vitamin D

32
Q

What percent of the elderly have at least one chronic condition?

A

80% (50% have 2+)

33
Q

How many Americans aged 50+ have osteoporosis?

A

54 million

34
Q

Who is most at risk for osteoporosis?

A

Small-boned women, white people, smokers, drinkers, and sedentary people

35
Q

When is the onset of osteoporosis and its gradual decrease in height?

A

Age 45

36
Q

What are the causes of osteoporosis?

A

Sedentary; insufficient fluoride, calcium, and vitamin D intake; and decreased estrogen

37
Q

Some doctors advise elderly clients to consume how much calcium?

A

1,500mg (which would require 1 quart of milk or its equivalent)

38
Q

Plant based diets can have what effect on bone density?

A

Less leaching of calcium from bones due to a more alkaline environment

39
Q

An excess of which mineral can cause bone loss?

A

Phosphorus (found in soda)

40
Q

Periodontal disease may be linked to what other condition?

A

Osteoporosis

41
Q

Regular use of aspirin by arthritic patients can have what side effect?

A

Bleeding in the stomach lining, creating an increased need for ion

42
Q

Hypertension is thought to be caused not only by an excess of salt but also a deficiency of what other mineral?

A

Calcium

Nutrition (21 decks)

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