Infancy (C) Flashcards
How often does a baby feed by the time it is 2-3 months old?
About every four hours
In the first year, how much weight does a baby gain compared to birth?
Birth weight is doubled by 6 months and tripled by 1 year
How many calories per kilogram of body weight does a 0-12 month baby require?
98-108 (2-3x the adult requirement!); more if malnourished or low birth weight
How much protein does a 0-6 month child require?
2.2g per kg of body weight
How much protein does a 6-12 month child require?
1.6g per kg of body weight
How much water in proportion to calories does an infant need?
1.5 mL of water per calorie
Breast milk provides all nutrients except what for 4-6 months?
Vitamin D
Babies are born with a 3-6 month supply of what mineral?
Iron
What nutrients may be supplemented for a normal infant?
Vitamin D (if there is little exposure to sunshine), vitamin K (there is no bacteria to synthesize menaquinone), and fluoride (if the water source is insufficient, ie with well water)
After 6 months, infant cereal should be fortified with what mineral?
Iron
An excess of which vitamins should be avoided during infancy?
Vitamin A (can damage the liver and bone) and vitamin D (can damage the heart and kidneys)
Because breast milk is lower in protein and minerals, it is less taxing on which organs?
The kidneys
In the first weeks of infancy how long should the baby be fed on each breast?
5-10 minutes
When are the first 4 growth spurts in a baby’s life?
10 days, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months
What are the signs of normal infant nutrition?
6+ wet diapers daily, normal growth, 1-2 mustard-colored poops daily, breasts become less full
Why should breast milk not be warmed?
It destroys antibodies
What were the breast feeding rates in 2011 for 6 month olds?
49% (goal is to raise to 60.6%)
Feeding a child in a semi-upright position decreases the risk of what ailment?
Ear infections
Formula made from cow’s milk typically has what alterations?
Less protein and mineral salts, more lactose
Synthetic formula is usually made from what?
Soybeans
What is hypoallergenic formula?
Containing predigested proteins
How long does formula remaining in the bottle stay good?
1 hour
How long does prepared formula stay good?
24 hours
How long does ready-to-feed formula stay good?
48 hours
What effects can a poor water ratio in formula have?
Too little is bad for the kidneys; too much that dilutes the formula can cause brain edema and seizures