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Nutrition > Cancer (C) > Flashcards

Cancer (C) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the second leading cause of death in the US?

A

Cancer

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2
Q

What is a neoplasm/neoplasia?

A

A tumor/cancer

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3
Q

What does it mean for cancer to metastasize?

A

To spread through the blood

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4
Q

What is a carcinoma?

A

Tumor of the epithelial (lining) cells: outer skin, digestive lining, bladder, womb, or a tube/duct

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5
Q

What is a sarcoma?

A

Tumor of the soft tissues (uncommon). Muscle, fat, nerves, tendons, lymph vessels, and bones in the legs

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6
Q

What is a lymphoma?

A

Tumor of the lymph tissue: nodes, bone marrow, spleen, and thymus gland

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7
Q

What is leukemia?

A

Cancer of the WBCs or bone marrow or spleen

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8
Q

What are the three types of skin cancer?

A

Basal cell, squamous cell, and melanoma

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9
Q

What is the most common form of skin cancer?

A

Basal cell (outer layer of skin from sunlight exposure)

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10
Q

Who is at risk for basal cell carcinoma?

A

Those with light features

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11
Q

Where does squamous cell carcinoma occur?

A

In the upper layers of skin exposed to chronic sunlight or injury sites

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12
Q

Which form of skin cancer is the deadliest but 100% curable if diagnosed early?

A

Melanoma

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13
Q

Where does melanoma occur?

A

In cells producing melanin (usually dark, but sometimes pink or purple)

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14
Q

How often should a dermatologist screen for skin cancer?

A

Yearly

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15
Q

What viruses are linked to cancer?

A

Epstein-Barr, hepatitis B, HIV, herpes, retrovirus and HPV

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16
Q

AIDS/HIV is associated with what cancer?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma of the connective tissue

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17
Q

How many cancer cases are linked to excess body fat?

A

117,000

18
Q

Obesity increases the risk of developing how many cancers?

A

Seven: colorectal, post menopausal breast, kidney, pancreatic, endometrium, gallbladder, and esophageal (adeno-carcinoma).

19
Q

Sitting how many hours a day elevates cancer risk?

A

6+ hours

20
Q

What cancers are associated with nitrites?

A

Stomach, esophagus, and colorectal

21
Q

What cancer is associated with red meat?

A

Colorectal

22
Q

What cancers are associated with high-fat diets?

A

Uterus, breast, prostate, and colon

23
Q

What cancer is associated with high consumption of salty foods?

A

Stomach

24
Q

What cancers are associated with alcohol intake?

A

Colon, rectum, breast, esophagus, mouth, and liver

25
Q

Red meat should be limited to how many ounces per week to reduce cancer risk?

A

Under 18oz

26
Q

What is one drink of alcohol equivalent to?

A

12oz beer, 1.5oz spirits, or 5oz wine

27
Q

What is the typical first indication of cancer?

A

Weight loss

28
Q

Anorexia occurs in what percent of cancer patients at diagnosis?

A

15-25%

29
Q

What are the effects of cancer?

A

Hypoalbuminemia and anemia, early satiety due to decreased secretions, decreased taste acuity, and hyperglycemia

30
Q

Decreased salivary secretions during cancer can lead to what?

A

Xerostomia (dry mouth), dysphagia, and tooth decay

31
Q

Decreased small intestine cell regeneration during cancer can lead to what?

A

Hemorrhagic colitis

32
Q

Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea during cancer can lead to what?

A

Electrolyte imbalances and fluid retention

33
Q

Possible steroid weight gain may occur with which cancer?

A

Breast

34
Q

Chemotherapy should be withheld until how many hours before and after meals?

A

2-3 hours

35
Q

How often should comfort foods be included in a cancer patient’s diet?

A

Liberally

36
Q

How should diarrhea during cancer be addressed in the diet?

A

A low-residue diet

37
Q

Cancer causes what metabolic state?

A

Hyper metabolic state

38
Q

How should the hyper metabolic state in cancer be addressed through diet (calories and protein)?

A

High protein, cal, and nutrient. 30-35 calories and 1.0-1.2g protein per kg of body weight. (1.3-2.0 protein if malnourished.)

39
Q

Supplements that contain more than 100% DRI for which vitamins should be avoided during cancer treatment?

A

Antioxidants

40
Q

Why are fluids important in the diet of a cancer patient?

A

To eliminate waste

Nutrition (21 decks)

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